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Impact and Application of Green Internet of Things in Various Fields
Published in Bandana Mahapatra, Anand Nayyar, Green Internet of Things, 2023
Bandana Mahapatra, Anand Nayyar
Choosing green materials: The use of polylactic acid (PLA) plastic made out of corn starch or glucose is both renewable and biodegradable. The choice of recycled plastic and ordinary substances for making smartphones is called for as an environmental-saving strategy.
Polymers for structural applications
Published in S. Thirumalai Kumaran, Tae Jo Ko, S. Suresh Kumar, Temel Varol, Materials for Lightweight Constructions, 2023
K. Arunprasath, M. Vijayakumar, Pon Janani Sugumaran, P. Amuthakkannan, V. Manikandan, V. Arumugaprabu
To build a sustainable society and help preserve the earth’s natural resources, researchers must resolve the problem of increasing polymeric material waste. Of the several bio-based polymers in use, poly (lactic acid), commonly known as polylactide (PLA), is a biodegradable polymer widely used in automation, packaging, and 3D printing for lightweight applications. The ease of availability and composability makes PLA an excellent choice for a polymeric material; however, it lacks good thermal and mechanical stability. PLA degrades at approximately 400°C of dampness were seen. However, because of its low thermal stability, recycling the material and recovering useful components from the matrices is difficult. In addition, degradation is accelerated due to the presence of moisture and lactic acid and metal catalyst residue [30]. Figure 3.3 illustrates the benefits of using fillers/particulate as reinforcement in composite polymer composites.
PLA/Cellulose Composites and Their Hybrid Composites
Published in Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin, Nisa V. Salim, Jinu Jacob George, Aiswarya Poulose, Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocellulose and Cellulose Composites, 2022
Martin A. Hubbe, Warren J. Grigsby
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a hydrophobic thermoplastic that can achieve favorable elastic modulus (about 3500 MPa) and a relatively high melting point (e.g. 165°C), depending on its purity and molecular mass (Farah et al. 2016). Although PLA is hydrophobic, it contains the polar functionality common to polyesters, and this confers upon it a relatively high cohesive energy density, giving a Hildebrand parameter near to 10 cal0.5•cm−1.5 (Siemann 1992). The cohesive forces can contribute to its barrier performance against various permeants (Lagarón et al. 2004), which makes it possible for PLA to be considered for such applications as packaging films and beverage containers. Among the various polymers that can be manufactured starting with plant materials, i.e. bioplastics, PLA is currently manufactured in the highest amount, with a reported annual production of over 600,000 tons (Jem and Tan 2020). PLA has become widely used especially in 3D printing.
Preparation of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic polylactic acid nonwoven filter for oil/Water separation
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Guochao Fan, Yunhe Diao, Beili Huang, Huige Yang, Xuying Liu, Jinzhou Chen
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a porous biodegradable material, which decomposes into water and carbon dioxide in a “regulated composting environment”.[32–34] The non-solvent assisted phase separation of PLA membranes could be prepared from the systems, such as PLA/dioxane/water, PLA/chloroform/methanol, and PLA/methylene chloride/methanol. Zoppi et al. systematically studied the mechanism of phase separation in immersing precipitation processes, and found that the morphology of films can influence the growth of cells.[34]Chang et al. designed a porous superhydrophobic PLA membrane via the non-solvent assisted phase separation and studied the correlation between wettability and the species of non-solvent and solvent.[35] However, the inherent brittleness of the prepared PLA membranes limited its inclusive application.[36,37] To overcome the barrier, the PLA nonwoven has been prepared for oil/water separation due to avoiding the secondary pollution during the post-processing and a high selective separation for oil and water mixture.
Effect of surface treatment of cotton fibers on the durability of polylactic acid/cotton-fiber biocomposites
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2022
Linmei Zhang, Jiaru Zhou, Hiroki Sakamoto, Kazushi Yamada
The circular economy model has been applied in many countries to reduce the carbon footprint and environmental impact. Green biocomposites prepared from renewable resources play an important role in environmental protection [1–4]. Polylactic acid (PLA), a sustainable biodegradable synthetic polymer prepared from natural biomass such as corn, has been employed to reduce the environmental impact of waste in a circular economy model. While the use of biodegradable polymers as matrix resins can reduce the impact of wastes and microplastics, the high specific gravity of the resins makes them disadvantageous in terms of fuel cost when used as raw materials for products that require weight reduction, such as automobiles, aircraft, packaging, and construction components [5].
Effect of etching conditions on electroless Ni-P plating of 3D printed polylactic acid
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2022
B. R. Tzaneva, E. D. Dobreva, N. B. Koteva, M. G. Georgieva, M. H. Petrova
In recent years, 3D printing of plastic details by various technologies has become a regular production operation in different industrial sectors such as aviation, automotive industry, electronics and biomedicine.1–4 Using 3D printing, products of complex shapes and various sizes can be made with high precision and with lower raw materials costs, which is a prerequisite for a positive economic and environmental impact. Compared to the most widely used polymers for 3D printing such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate glycol, polylactic acid (PLA) has good mechanical properties such as higher hardness and strength.5–8 The thermal stability of PLA depends on the molecular weight and part of the crystalline phase. It is known that crystalline forms of PLA have a melting point around 180°C.9 Amorphous PLA has a glass transition temperature of 50–57°C. In comparison with an injection moulded PLA, 3D PLA printed parts have low thermal stability and when exposed to sunlight or moisture for a long time, the PLA properties deteriorate.5,8,10 Despite these negative characteristics, PLA polymer is the preferred choice for manufacturing 3D printed samples with respect to which no special requirements are set, as it is considered an environmentally friendly material. The raw materials for its production come from renewable sources such as maize, sugarcane or corn, etc., with a high content of starch, which is converted into polylactic acid during treatment.11,12 This polymer is recyclable and biodegradable under industrial composting conditions.11