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Pipeline Systems
Published in Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John, Environmental Engineering, 2022
Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John
The Darcy–Weisbach equation is cumbersome for solving problems where there are more than two unknowns. In such cases, empirical flow equations, which provide direct solutions, are more commonly used. The most common pipe flow formula used in the design and evaluation of water supply systems is the Hazen–Williams equation. This equation relates the flow-carrying capacity (Q) with the size (D) of pipe, slope of the hydraulic gradient (Sf) and a coefficient of friction C, which depends on the roughness of the pipe. The value of C is chosen based on the judgement of the designer. Results based on this equation would be less accurate compared with the Darcy–Weisbach equation. Q(m3/s)=0.278CD2.63×Sf0.54hf=10.7L×(Q/C)1.85×D−4.87
Hydraulics
Published in David Butler†, John W. Davies††, Urban Drainage, 2000
David Butler†, John W. Davies††
Study of civil engineering hydraulics tends to concentrate on two main types of flow. The first is pipe flow in which a liquid flows in a pipe under pressure. The liquid always fills the whole cross-section, and the pipe may be horizontal, or inclined up or down in the direction of flow. The second is open-channel flow, in which a liquid flows in a channel by gravity, with a free surface at atmospheric pressure. The liquid only fills the channel when the flow-rate equals or exceeds the designed capacity, and the bed of the channel slopes down in the direction of flow.
ANSYS: Finite Element Analysis
Published in Paul W. Ross, The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists, 2018
Pipe Flow. Pipe flow analysis is used to determine pressures, velocities, and heat-exchange characteristics of a fluid in a closed system, such as a water supply piping network. It is applicable for any system with a constant flow rate of an incompressible fluid.
Closure to “Influence of erosion on piping in terms of field conditions” by GIJS HOFFMANS, J. Hydraulic Res. 59(3), 512–522. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1786741
Published in Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2023
DgFlow fulfils the fundamental groundwater flow and pipe flow equations. Moreover, the wall shear stresses equal their critical values. However, there are indications that DgFlow lacks the fundamentals of fluid mechanics as well as morphodynamics, especially for river dikes and large dams. Therefore, we discuss (1) transitional pipe flow, (2) scaling effects, (3) boundary conditions, (4) cover layer, (5) critical pipe velocity, (6) gradation and (7) suffusion. Then, we discuss 2D and 3D groundwater modelling; last, conclusions and recommendations are drawn.
Numerical analysis of the hydraulic transient in a closed pipe in presence of a bypass valve
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020
For large water supply systems, transient analysis of pipe flow is often more important than the analysis of steady-state operating conditions, usually considered for system design, because it helps in considering the effects of additional loads due to rapid valve closures (Wood 2005; Nerella and Rathnam 2015).