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Evaluation of Design Methods for Helical Piles
Published in Chong Tang, Kok-Kwang Phoon, Model Uncertainties in Foundation Design, 2021
Note that different terms of helical piles were usually used in the literature, such as “helical pier,” “helix pier,” “screw pile,” “torque anchor” and others. Perko (2009) explained it through a discussion of terminology. In the coastal areas of the United States, the terms “pile” and “pier” are used with reference to different foundations based on their length. As defined in the International Building Code (ICC 2009), a “pile” has a length equal to or greater than twelve diameters, while a “pier” has a length shorter than twelve diameters. In the other parts of the United States, the terms “pile” and “pier” are defined by the installation process. A “pier” is drilled into the ground, whereas a “pile” is driven into the ground. The term “screw pile” was previously used by the helical pile inventor Mitchell (1848), who is the precursor to the modern-day helical pile. Sometime later, the phrase “helical anchor” became more common, probably because the major application from 1920 through 1980 was for uplift. Given that most helical piles are typically installed to depths greater than twelve diameters, for consistency, the Helical Piles and Tiebacks Committee (HPTC) of the Deep Foundations Institute (DFI) decided in 2005 to henceforth use the phrase “helical pile.” This term will be used throughout this chapter.
External Walls
Published in Roy Chudley, Roger Greeno, Karl Kovac, Chudley and Greeno’s Building Construction Handbook, 2020
Roy Chudley, Roger Greeno, Karl Kovac
The main function of an attached pier is to give lateral support to the wall of which it forms a part from the base to the top of the wall. It also has the subsidiary function of dividing a wall into distinct lengths whereby each length can be considered as a wall. Generally walls must be tied at the end to an attached pier, buttressing or return wall.
Design of Substructure
Published in Dongzhou Huang, Bo Hu, Concrete Segmental Bridges, 2020
Take pier 3 as shown in Fig. 11-34 for this design example. Its super-structure is a seven-span continuous segmental bridge constructed by the balanced cantilever method as discussed in Chapter 6. Two fixed multi-rotational pot bearings are located on two separate bearing pedestals with a height of 4 in. (see Fig. 11-35). The total height of the pier is 85.65 ft. The cross section of the pier is a solid rectangle selected based on the consistency throughout the entire bridge project. The pier sizes are preliminarily determined with a length of 8 ft (in the bridge transverse direction) and a width of 7 ft (in the bridge longitudinal direction), based on the forces from the super-structure at the top of the pier. The pier is supported on a reinforced concrete footing supported by four 36-in.-diameter drilled shafts (see Fig. 11-34). The length of the cap is 13.67 ft.
Wavelet-Based Analysis for Detection of Isolation Bearing Malfunction in a Continuous Multi-Span Girder Bridge
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Dionysius M. Siringoringo, Yozo Fujino
The investigation is extended to a more realistic case using a three-dimensional finite element model of a seismically isolated multi-span continuous bridge. The objectives of the simulation are twofold: one is to confirm the behavior of seismically isolated bridge with malfunction bearing scenarios and their seismic responses, and the other is to ascertain that the MDOF model explained above can be used to capture the essential behavior of the bridge when compared with the three-dimensional finite element model. The bridge model has four continuous spans of 32 m length and 10 m width each supported by a 10 m tall pier. The bridge piers and girder are made of reinforced concrete material. All piers have the same dimension and are assumed to have equal stiffness. Details on cross-sectional dimension of the pier, girder and bent are provided in Table 1.
Prefabrication of substructures for single-detached dwellings on reactive soils: a review of existing systems and design challenges
Published in Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019
Bertrand Teodosio, Kasun Shanaka Kristombu Baduge, Priyan Mendis, David Jeremy Heath
Block masonry piers or pads with ground anchor systems are constructed on a compacted or undisturbed ground. The installation of piers and ground anchor substructure is frequently completed in one to two working days. Though, the use of a pier and ground anchors, in most cases, is not considered as a stand-alone substructure for a single-detached dwelling. Addition of a perimeter encasement around the property is necessary acting as concrete wall support, forming a crawl space. Contrarily, the cost of crawl spaces is generally more expensive than slab systems and the construction period ranges from 3 to 5 working days (Manufactured Housing Research Alliance 2002).