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Hydrologic Impact
Published in Mritunjoy Sengupta, Environmental Impacts of Mining, 2021
Each year, Florida mines approximately 40 million tons of phosphorite, most of which is ultimately converted to various commercial fertilizers. The phosphorite is mined from within the bottom portion of the 40- to 60-ft thick surficial aquifer, using open-pit mining techniques. The ore zone or “matrix” is generally overlain by relatively permeable fine sand to silty and slightly clayey fine sand. The ore itself is highly variable in nature, but, in central Florida, it typically consists of less permeable clayey phosphatic sands and sandy clays with stringers of permeable sand. The ore is much sandier in the north Florida mining area.2
Nuclear Waste Management
Published in Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore, Introduction to Environmental Management, 2021
Mary K. Theodore, Louis Theodore
Phosphate rock is processed to produce phosphoric acid and elemental phosphorus. These two products are then combined with other materials to produce phosphate fertilizers, detergents, animal feeds, other food products, and phosphorus-containing materials. The most important use of phosphate rock is the production of fertilizer, which accounts for 80% of the phosphorite in the United States.
Industrial minerals
Published in Francis P. Gudyanga, Minerals in Africa, 2020
Phosphate rock consists mainly of apatite minerals. Sedimentary marine phosphorites are the principal deposits of phosphate rock. Sedimentary marine phosphorites are the major deposits of phosphorate rock which consists mainly of apatite minerals. The inorganic chemical and salt of phosphoric acid is a phosphate PO43−. In organic chemistry it is a phosphate, or organophosphate and an ester of phosphoric acid. The element phosphorus naturally occurs in the form of phosphates found in many phosphate minerals some of which deposits may include significant quantities of radioactive uranium isotopes and naturally occurring heavy metals.
Fluidized bed dryers in terms of minimizing environmental impact and achieving the sustainable development goals
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Iryna Ablieieva, Nadiia Artyukhova, Jan Krmela, Myroslav Malovanyy, Dmytrii Berezhnyi
The digestate obtained after organic matter fermentation in the bioreactor is sent for separation and dewatering to the separator. Upon completion of this process, liquid and solid digestate fractions are obtained. The liquid fraction can be used immediately as liquid fertilizer, and the solid fraction is sent to a disk granulator, where mineral fertilizer and phosphogypsum are also added. In order to obtain organo-mineral granular fertilizer, it is proposed to use mineral fertilizer for the core, and the shell is formed from the solid phase of the digestate together with phosphogypsum binder. Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the chemical industry, formed during the sulfuric acid processing of apatites or phosphorites into phosphoric acid (extraction) or concentrated phosphorus fertilizers. Such application of the phosphogypsum is seen as a promising direction of waste management in line with the principles of balanced environmental management.
Characterization and mineral beneficiation of Egyptian glauconite for possible industrial use
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2019
S. S. Ibrahim, A. M. El Kammar, A. M. Guda, T. R. Boulos, A. Saleh
The Abu-Tartur Plateau lies 650 km southwest of Cairo in the Western Desert between the Dakhla Oasis to the west and the Kharga Oasis to the east (Figure 1). The stratigraphic sequence at the Abu Tartur Plateau starts with the Nubia Formation, which rests unconformably over the granitic and metamorphic basement complex in Eastern Egypt and consists of basal conglomeratic sandstone, middle cross-bedded sandstone and siltstone with local oolitic iron beds, and an upper layer of cross-laminated siltstone, Said (1961). The thickness of the Nubia Formation ranges from 30 to 120 m and its age is estimated as Campanian. This sandstone is conformably overlain by the variegated shales of the Qusseir Formation. The Qusseir Formation is overlain by the Duwi Phosphorite Formation of late Campanian to early Masstrichtian age, Glenn and Arthur (1990). These phosphorites are exploited from the Abu Tartur area from both underground mines and open cast mines for domestic use and export.
Effect of dispersants on dispersion stability of collophane and quartz fines in aqueous suspensions
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018
Junjian Ye, Xianchen Wang, Xianbo Li, Song Mao, Zhihui Shen, Qin Zhang
Phosphorite is an important raw material for the fertilizer industry and usually requires beneficiation to reduce impurities.[1] The beneficiation of fine-disseminated phosphate ores and phosphate slimes has been a very important problem all over the word.[2,3] In China, most phosphate ores are sedimentary siliceous-calcareous phosphorites, which are traditionally referred as “collophane” as they contain cryptocrystalline apatite and/or finely crystallized francolite.[4] Fine grinding is required for collophane liberation, but fine gangue minerals, such as quartz, carbonates and clay, have adverse effects on beneficiation.[5] Selective flocculation has been considered a potential process for fine particle separation, but the loss of selectivity in mixed components or natural systems hinders industrial application.[6] Currently, flotation is still the most effective beneficiation method.[7]