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Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluents
Published in Mihir Kumar Purkait, Piyal Mondal, Chang-Tang Chang, Treatment of Industrial Effluents, 2019
Mihir Kumar Purkait, Piyal Mondal, Chang-Tang Chang
Despite contributing eminently towards agricultural and economic scenario, palm oil mill significantly contributes to environmental degradation. With the rising production rate of palm oil, the by-product of palm waste generated during the manufacturing process also escalates. Various researches have revealed that palm oil industries contribute for drastic environmental pollution such as global warming, loss in biodiversity, eutrophication, and acidification. World’s increasing interests for palm oil as well as for other biofuels have instigated the worry for its effects on the environment, biodiversity, and climatic changes (Fargione et al., 2008). Fiber combustion in the mill boiler itself releases acidified compounds and smog precursor to the atmosphere. There are few operational stages before the palm oil is being retrieved, which the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) needs to undergo. The uniqueness of the palm tree is that it produces both palm oil and palm kernel oil. However, 67% of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is produced through these processes.
Bioremediation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Itaconic Acid Production by Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 Immobilized in PVA–Alginate–Sulfate Beads
Published in Zainura Zainon Noor, Noor Salehan Mohammad Sabli, Sustainable Water Treatment, 2017
Qistina Ahmad Kamal, Nor Azimah Mohd Zain
The palm oil industry has become the economic backbone of Malaysia and continuously faces challenges along its way. The Malaysian palm oil industry has grown rapidly and hence become a strong industry with an agricultural base, with a production of crude palm oil in the year 2013 of 19.21 million tonnes (Choo Yuen May, 2014). The high production of crude palm oil has made the industry an important contributor to Malaysia's GDP. The government income from palm kernel oil, palm oil, and its related products in 1998 reached almost US 5.6 billion dollars, which is equivalent to 5.6% of the GDP (Yusoff, 2006). The palm oil industry has contributed to the country income in terms of foreign exchange and increased the standard of living for the Malaysian people (Wu et al., 2007). The industry also provides income to poor families and individual holders attached to government schemes. In addition, it also provides job opportunities to agricultural workers (Khalid and Wan Mustafa, 1992; Ma et al., 1993).
Orthogonality
Published in Crista Arangala, Exploring Linear Algebra, 2019
Example: In March 2013, NPR reported that Dunkin’ Donuts plans to change its recipes setting a goal of using only 100% sustainable palm oil in making its donuts. The production of palm oil has contributed to large deforestation of rainforests throughout the world as well as issues of erosion and flooding that directly affects the livelihood and lifestyle of the local communities surrounding the rainforest. In addition, the land clearing of Indonesia, which is the largest contributor to the palm oil industry, was 80% illegal in 2008 and has been directly linked to the fate of the wild orangutan.
Studying Integration In Embedded Supply Chains: the multi-orchestration perspective
Published in Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 2023
Aurélien Rouquet, Sophie Claye Puaux, Jennifer Lazzeri, Béatrice Meurier
The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) exemplifies such a meta-orchestrator (Carmagnac and Carbone 2019). RSPO was launched in 2004 with the engagement of the World Wide Fund for Nature and companies from the palm oil sector to promote the growth and use of sustainable palm oil. It brings together 3,422 actors from the embedded supply chains of the sector: Oil Palm growers, processors and/or traders, Consumer Good Manufactures, Retailers, Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Social NGOs, Banks, and Investors. RSPO is made up of a General Assembly, which has the power to elect the members of the Board of Governors and establish the guidelines for RSPO general policy. RSPO gives equal rights to each member to bring specific issues to the roundtable agenda and is positioned as a forum that opens up opportunities to explore solutions through a collective, although potentially conflictual, effort. RSPO has created its standards called ‘Principles and Criteria’ (P&Cs) to guide the engagement of companies in sustainability-related initiatives. The standard is composed of eight principles for the sustainable production of palm oil, including environmental (e.g., pesticide use, freshwater usage), social (e.g., training for workers and smallholders, complaints and grievance), and economic aspects (e.g., land productivity, total production volume).
Evaluating the palm oil demand in Indonesia: production trends, yields, and emerging issues
Published in Biofuels, 2021
Dilip Khatiwada, Carl Palmén, Semida Silveira
Palm oil has become one of the most important crops for food, energy, and international trade in Indonesia [1,2]. With major efforts to reduce fossil fuel dependency and new targets for introduction of biodiesel blends [2,3], the domestic demand for palm oil is bound to increase rapidly in the coming decade. Likewise, demand for vegetable oils continues to increase globally [4]. While this offers the opportunity for continued development of the palm oil industry, it requires a significant expansion of palm oil production which, left unchecked, may lead to negative impacts such as land pressure and increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, among others [5,6]. In fact, previous expansion of palm oil production in Indonesia has been pointed out as a major cause of deforestation and GHG emissions [6–8]. Thus, how can Indonesia take advantage of the expanding markets for palm oil without compromising on sustainability?
Design and characterization of ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste ash using phase inversion-based extrusion/sintering technique for water filtration
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Zhong Sheng Tai, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Azeman Mustafa, Mohd Irfan Hatim Mohamed Dzahir, Siti Khadijah Hubadillah, Khong Nee Koo, Mohd Ariff Azali, Nur Hashimah Alias, Boon Seng Ooi, Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
Malaysia is naturally endowed with tropical biodiversity such as palm oil. The palm oil industry is considered one of the world’s largest agriculture industries. The global palm oil production volume was over 77 million tons in 2018 [13]. According to the European Palm Oil Alliance [14], palm oil and palm kernel oil account for over one-third of the global vegetable oil production. The rapid development of the palm oil industry leads to the generation of colossal amounts of by-products that could pose threats to the surrounding environment and local communities. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is among the major by-products from the burning of palm kernel shells, palm oil fiber, and palm oil husk.