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The environment
Published in Tom Denton, Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2018
To measure pollutant emissions as the vehicle is being driven on the roads, cars will be fitted with Portable Emission Measuring Systems (PEMS) that will provide a complete real-time monitoring of the key pollutants emitted by the vehicle. The PEMS are complex pieces of equipment that integrate advanced gas analysers, exhaust mass flow meters, weather stations, GPS and a connection to the vehicle network.
Air pollution and transport in China and India
Published in Junyi Zhang, Cheng-Min Feng, Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, 2018
Lei Yu, Guohua Song, Xumei Chen
A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS), as shown in Figure 7.2, is essentially a lightweight laboratory that is used to test and/or assess mobile source emissions (i.e., cars, trucks, buses, construction equipment, generators, trains, cranes) for the purposes of compliance, regulation, or decision-making. PEMS are also applied in China.
PRCI ambient NO2 AERMOD performance assessment and model improvement project: Modeled to observed comparison
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Jeffrey A. Panek, James M. McCarthy, Adrian Z. Huth, Alan J. Krol, Christopher Nowak
Hourly engine exhaust emissions were estimated using a PEMS approach as outlined and detailed in the PRCI Parametric Emissions Monitoring System Plan for Nitrogen Oxides (PRCI 2017b). The continuous PEMS provides a cost-effective and robust alternative to periodic emissions testing for monitoring emissions performance, identifying and diagnosing abnormal operating conditions, and providing reliable hourly emissions data.
Evaluating the environmental performance of pipeline construction using systems modelling
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2020
Mohamed Matar, Hesham Osman, Maged Georgy, Azza Abou-Zeid, Moheeb Elsaid
Trenchless installation methods, however, bring higher levels of complexity, and this is where systems modelling and SysML particularly show their power and effectiveness, enabling the proper modelling of the system and correct capture of environmental impacts. Figure 7 is a SysML internal block diagram (ibd) that displays the essential system flows of a typical microtunneling system. A simplistic system element such as the crane resembles a typical independent piece of equipment as found in a typical open cut trenching system; where the essential flows are the intake of fuel, different types of emissions emitted to the atmosphere, in addition to noise and vibration, which are all identified and recognized within the array of parameters shown in Figure 2. A more complicated setup is found in case of the MTBM and the drilling fluid system. In addition to standard equipment-related flows of fuel intake and emissions, additional flows are captured including the amounts of additives utilized, the quantities of water consumed, the quantities of drilling fluid circulated through the system and discharged for recycling and the quantities of drilling fluid effluents released off the system, potentially causing environmental loading. Quantitative measurements of these values are obtained and validated through equipment datasheets and input from experienced construction professionals. While equipment datasheets often list emission data, especially in case of modern construction equipment, portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) can be used in order to construct a more realistic picture of environmental performance. Construction equipment emissions often vary from manufacturer datasheets according to workload and site conditions (Heidari and Marr 2015). Additionally, they almost always deteriorate with varying degrees with time and maintenance conditions. Similarly, accurate records of fuelling quantities, additives, fluids and other materials used facilitate obtaining real field measurements and feeding them to the model. Efforts invested in refining and increasing measurement accuracy facilitate getting a better picture of the environmental loadings generated and amounts of resources consumed.