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Introduction
Published in Paul C. Etter, Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation, 2017
Civil applications of operational oceanography in coastal regions are most visible and include warnings against hazards such as coastal floods, waves, coastal erosion, and effluent contamination. Commercial applications in the open ocean include guidance on optimal ship routing. Defense applications of operational oceanography, as defined by the US Department of the Navy (2000b), include the development of oceanic and atmospheric observations and models to provide on-scene commanders with predictive capabilities, especially in the littoral zone. The US Navy’s Geophysics Fleet Mission Program Library (GFMPL) contains meteorological, oceanographic, electromagnetic, and acoustic software for use as aids in planning naval operations in the open ocean as well as in the littoral zone. Clancy (1999) and Clancy and Johnson (1997) provided useful overviews of naval operational ocean modeling products and applications.
Oceanographic and aquatic: Applications of optic sensing technologies
Published in P. Dakin John, G. W. Brown Robert, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
Matt Mowlem, Alex Beaton, Gregory Slavik
A central problem in oceanography and aquatic applications is the acquisition of data over the vast expanse and depth of the oceans, rivers, and lakes. The required spatial and temporal resolution of measurement varies with the process being studied, but most remain undersampled. For example, phytoplankton blooms may have variability on meter and minute scales, whereas in all but isolated study areas, subsurface biological data are updated in tens of kilometer scales and with sampling intervals at best days, but often years.
The influence of two-dimensional currents on the sea surface radar backscattering coefficient
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2023
Jiajie Chen, Lei Liu, Xunchao Liu, Hongli Miao, Qingjun Zhang
Currently, the study of the sea surface current field is a topical research field in physical oceanography (He et al. 2020, Yuan et al. 2021, Caldarella et al. 2022, Elyouncha et al. 2022). At present, studies of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) inversion methods for sea surface current detection are limited to the analysis of radar-radial surface speed. Research related to a two-dimensional (2D) current field is still in the exploration stage (Li et al. 2020). Among the currently available methods, the SAR system configuration scheme using multiple one-shot receiver and multi-receiver multiple recipe one-shot in space is the most used scheme for 2D current field inversion (Gommenginger et al. 2018, Lopez-Dekker et al. 2021). Due to the use of microwaves in SAR remote sensing of ocean processes, there have been many studies using observational data to investigate the effects of sea surface currents and internal waves on the backscattering coefficient (Shao et al. 2020, De Macedo et al. 2022). It is now timely to further examine the surface radar backscattering coefficient change under two-dimensional (2D) current field modulation to better understand new SAR systems’ detection and imaging mechanisms.
What Limits Our Understanding of Oceans? Challenges in Marine Instrumentation
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2020
Arathy R. Nair, S. Muthukumaravel, Tata Sudhakar
The sheer complexity involved in exploring the oceans we live with can be perceived from the fact that Our knowledge of the ocean – when compared to our knowledge of the space we know and can explore – is shockingly thin [2]. The ease of exploration makes space a better target to explore and understand than oceans. The number of explorations undertaken to other planets, satellites orbiting earth, missions to moon, and other space exploration missions are far more than the number of missions undertaken to the bottom of ocean. The dark cold ocean interiors limit our depth of knowledge about various processes happening inside. All the processes going on in the oceans are highly complex and heavily coupled. Their understanding requires the knowledge of various scientific disciplines ranging from physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography to astronomy. The interdisciplinary science which studies all aspects of the marine environment is called oceanography. The interdisciplinary nature of oceanography is represented in Figure 1.
Adaptive rule-based colour component weight assignment strategy for underwater video enhancement
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2023
Jitendra P. Sonawane, Mukesh D. Patil, Gajanan K. Birajdar
Oceanography is a science that helps us improve our understanding of oceans and interpret the knowledge of it to the benefit of humankind, as 71% of the earth’s surface is covered with water; out of that, almost 97% of the water has oceans. Underwater exploration must be carried out for the investigation of resources and inhabitants. Ocean resources are of immense economic importance yet to fully explore [1].