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Marine Trash Detection Using Deep Learning Models
Published in B. K. Mishra, Samarjeet Borah, Hemant Kasturiwale, Computing and Communications Engineering in Real-Time Application Development, 2023
Kimbrel Dias, Sadaf Ansari, Ameeta Amonkar
Man-made pollution is dangerous as it has an adverse effect on the environment. Marine pollution is mostly ignored as it is not easily visible, but it affects and kills marine life, changes the physical and biological characteristic of oceans, injures coral reef, impedes navigation safety, and poses a threat to human well-being.1 Widely deposited debris include bottles (10.3%), plastic bags (9.4%), cans (4.6%), rope (2.1%), cigarettes (24.6%).2 Preventive measures like reduction and recycling are being used to keep debris out of the ocean. But the massive amount of litter that is already present in the ocean needs to be removed.
Climate Change and Its Influence on Microbial Diversity, Communities, and Processes
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
Irteza Qayoom, Haika Mohi-Ud-Din, Aqsa Khursheed, Aashia Altaf, Suhaib A. Bandh
The oceans absorb more than 90% of the additional heat energy from the warming of the climate, which increases the ocean warm-up, especially in high-altitude areas (Petrou et al., 2016; Basu and Mackey, 2018). Ocean warming can affect marine biota either by directly affecting the rate of biological processes or by indirectly affecting the stratification, which, in effect, impacts the nutrient supply and light availability to organisms in mixed layers (Beardall et al., 2009; Basu and Mackey, 2018). Temperature affects the phytoplankton physiology by changing the metabolic rates, such as enzyme reaction rate and efficiency (Basu and Mackey, 2018). Other effects include alterations in phenology, shrinking in cell size, and changes in the phytoplankton-driven carbon cycle (Taucher et al., 2015; Basu and Mackey, 2018). The sensitivity of phytoplankton toward climate-related environmental factors is species-specific, which results in the difference in competition among species, thus changes the phytoplankton composition with a significant consequence for the entire aquatic food web of a given habitat (Hader and Gao, 2017).
Ocean Biological Deserts
Published in Ajai, Rimjhim Bhatnagar, Desertification and Land Degradation, 2022
The warming up of the ocean affects not only the phytoplankton population but also the climate dynamics and sustainability of life. A study comprising sea surface temperature time series from 1901 to 2012, revealed that the western tropical Indian Ocean has been warming for more than a century, at a rate faster than any other region of the tropical oceans. This warming has the potential to change the Asian monsoon circulation which may affect the marine food web. The reason for this warming may be attributed to El Nino which helps in the cooling of the Pacific Ocean by releasing heat in the Indian Ocean via a modified Walker circulation model. Thus, the increased ocean water temperatures not only lead to direct thermal stress to marine life but also affect them indirectly by altering ocean currents, increase in ocean acidification, change in the precipitation patterns, change in storm pattern, increase in sea level causing increased sedimentation, etc.
Blue economy investment and sustainability of Ghana’s territorial waters: an application of structural equation modelling
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2023
Michael Karikari Appiah, Elikplim Ameko, Theodora Akweley Asiamah, Rahmat Quaigrane Duker
In Ghana, efforts have been made to enforce the Marine Pollution Act 2016 (Act, 932) which is aimed to prevent, regulate and control pollution within Ghana’s territorial waters. Meanwhile, the health of Ghana’s oceans is deteriorating. Pollution and ocean acidification are degrading coastal waters, harming small-scale fisheries, biodiversity and ecosystems. There is therefore an urgent need to find ways to better tackle the many issues that threaten the sustainability of the oceans, such as overfishing, climate change and plastic pollution. To this day, the BE issue remains unresolved (Techera 2018; ALshubiri 2018; Jones and Navarro 2018; Alharthi and Hanif 2020; Rasowo et al. 2020; Mathew and Robertson 2021; Rudge 2021; Ozili 2022; Sabela-Rikhotso, van Niekerk, and Nemakonde 2022), and an increasing number of people are using their commitment to a sustainable ocean agenda to bend it to suit their various interests. This recognition of the ambiguity of the BE is the basis to draw on the National Resource Based View and TOE (Technology Organization and Environment) theories to develop a new model to explain factors affecting BEI intentions and sustainability performance through various BE value chains. Despite the fact that BE encompasses broad areas including, sea food, marine energy, medicine, transportation, flight recreation among others. This baseline study has explored the sector as whole as part of the efforts to provide bigger picture of the industry in order to attract potential investors.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Reciprocating Seals in Seawater Hydraulic Variable Ballast Components for 11,000-m Operation
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2023
Defa Wu, Yunxiang Ma, Zhenyao Wang, Hao Min, Yipan Deng, Yinshui Liu
Since the fluid pressure in the sealing area is constantly changing iteratively, the fluid viscosity needs to be updated every time the fluid pressure is relaxed. Under isothermal conditions, pressure–viscosity characteristics can be expressed by the following relationship: where α is the viscosity-pressure coefficient, taken as 2 × 10−8 Pa−1(11); μ0 represents the fluid viscosity under atmospheric pressure. The seawater temperature with an ocean depth of more than 1 km has a slight variation range, and the temperature below 3 km is maintained at about 2 °C (28). Therefore, the influence of the sealing interface's temperature on the reciprocating seal's performance is no longer considered.
i4Ocean: transfer function-based interactive visualization of ocean temperature and salinity volume data
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2021
Fenglin Tian, Qing Mao, Yazhen Zhang, Ge Chen
The ocean is an extraordinarily complex system that encompasses a huge variety of geophysical processes, and it also has an important influence on the global climate. With improvements in observation technology and computing power, large amounts of high-resolution marine data are available for oceanographers to study ocean processes and phenomena with unprecedented precision and scope. However, the large data volume, time-varying and multidimensional characteristics of marine data pose a considerable challenge for traditional analysis methods (Liu et al. 2017). Lv et al. (2016a, 2016b, 2020) proposed a building information model big data-storage-management solution with hybrid storage architecture and presented a Web virtual reality geographical information system for 3D analysis and visualization of the city’s information aiming at building a smart city. Therefore, interactive multidimensional visualization techniques are effective ways to explore complex marine data. These approaches can facilitate the understanding of the data and provide a valuable complement to statistical methods for analyses of scientific data.