China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
State of International Policy for Blue Carbon Actions
Published in Lisamarie Windham-Myers, Stephen Crooks, Tiffany G. Troxler, A Blue Carbon Primer, 2018
Dorothee Herr, Tibor Vegh, Moritz Von Unger
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), as part of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement (see Section 15.3.4.1), are a means for countries to independently decide how to lower their emissions. These national level climate action and emissions reduction plans are prepared to reflect countries economic and environmental differences. Each successive NDC is to represent a progression from the previous one, representing the highest possible ambition (Art. 4.3 of the Paris Agreement) and each party shall communicate a revised NDC every five years (Art 4.9 of the Paris Agreement).
Optimum Site Selection of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic (PV) - Hydro Power Plants in off Grid Locations in Cameroon using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Chu Donatus Iweh, Guy Clarence Semassou, Roger Houèchénè Ahouansou
Perspectives on the application of these tools are much needed with the increasing variation in weather patterns due to climate change. It is even more useful in supporting national commitments such as the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) aimed at adapting and mitigating the effects of climate change. With the growing initiatives of climate action, coupled with their intricacies and inadequate resources, this MCDM tool can help stakeholders in making informed developmental decisions. Moreover, Cameroon like other countries has abundant RE resources to meet its NDCs but the main challenge is prioritizing these resources to solve the country’s climate change mitigation goals. Despite the availability of MCDM tools in literature, their practical application in prioritizing climate action initiatives is still scarce. Further research should focus on using these tools to prioritize climate action initiatives in countries.
Feasibility analysis of off-grid hybrid energy system for rural electrification in Northern Ghana
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
During the last decades, global energy demand has increased substantially (International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, United Nations, World Bank Group and World Health Organization, 2018). This phenomenon is attributed to population growth, which has a significant impact on energy production, distribution and consumption (Menyah & Wolde-Rufael, 2010). While the generation of electricity from fossil fuels such as coal, diesel, and natural gas results in the emission of greenhouse gases in quantities that have adverse effects on humans and the environment (Awopone, Zobaa, & Banuenumah, 2017b; Reddy et al., 2013), it is generally agreed that the use of renewable energy resources will greatly reduce the current global environmental problems. Following a global shift in behaviour, the United Nations, in its Sustainable Development Goals, has explicitly demonstrated the need for clean energy transition in its seventh (7th) goal (International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, United Nations, World Bank Group and World Health Organization, 2018). This together with the commitment of nations towards reducing their overall contribution to carbon emissions in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) from the Paris Agreement has increased the development rate for renewable energy technology
Climate change and pandemics: New challenges for science and technology
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Rubén D. Piacentini, Ivan Novara, Arun S. Mujumdar
Global warming is one of the major challenges that needs to be dealt with in the coming decades. In particular, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published a special report in 2018,[1] establishing the need for a limit to the global ambient temperature at the end of the present century (2100) of 2 °C and, if possible, even 1.5 °C, above the pre-industrial level. To attain these temperature values, the United Nations asked all countries to present Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), describing the way how they would act to attain the upper limit of 2 °C; these include how to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) and also to identify possible financial support for mitigation and adaptation actions. However, scientific analysis of the sum of the NDCs revealed less reduction than needed, with final temperatures at 2100 in the range of 2.7–3.6 °C.[2] Significant negative impacts, e.g., flooding in some regions and drought in others, glacier melting, food security concerns, disease vector propagation to high latitude and altitude, ocean acidification, coral destruction, among others,[3] would occur on the whole planet if the limits suggested by IPCC are not attained.