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Consequences of Energy Sources on the Environment
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
When a hydroelectric reservoir is constructed, the land must be flooded. Once covered, it is taken for other uses permanently. This can have an extreme environmental impact. Impacts include forest destruction; loss of wildlife habitat; destruction of agricultural land; loss of scenic lands; and loss of cultural assets, such as archaeological sites, to name a few. In many instances, such as the Three Gorges Dam in China, entire communities have also had to be relocated in order to construct a reservoir (Yardley, 2007).
Sea level variability and coastal inundation over the northeastern Mediterranean Sea
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2023
Yannis Androulidakis, Christos Makris, Zisis Mallios, Yannis Krestenitis
Sea level is a key element of global scale climatic changes with potentially significant coastal impacts (Cazenave et al. 2014), especially on the low-lying areas of the Mediterranean Sea, which is one of the most vulnerable regions to Sea Level Rise (SLR) worldwide (Adloff et al. 2015; Calafat, Chambers, and Tsimplis 2012; Church et al. 2013; Diffenbaugh and Giorgi 2012; Gualdi et al. 2013). The increase of the sea level is one of the most crucial drivers of natural hazards (floods, encroachment, erosion, etc.) putting intense pressure on the coastal zone (Bosom and Jiménez 2010; Nicholls 2002; Vousdoukas et al. 2017). The impact might become more intense during the 21st century, depending on the prevailing future climatic scenario (Neumann et al. 2015; Vitousek et al. 2017). The sea level variability controls a) the inundation levels of the coastal zone, depending on the local topographic characteristics (Calafat et al. 2022; Denamiel and Vilibić 2022; Ferrarin et al. 2021), b) the shoreline retreat, coastal erosion, and land loss (Enríquez et al. 2019; Jiménez et al. 2017; Monioudi et al. 2017; Sharaan and Udo 2020; Spencer et al. 2016), and c) the salinity levels in estuaries and freshwater aquifers (Bijlsma et al. 1996; Krvavica and Ružić 2020; Shalem et al. 2015). The efficient assessment of the coastal zone risk under flooding conditions (Satta et al. 2017; Vousdoukas et al. 2016) is strongly associated to the accurate estimation of the sea level temporal and spatial variability and the respective past, current and future trends (Bevacqua et al. 2019; Hallegate et al. 2013; Lionello et al. 2021).
A composite approach towards understanding the mechanisms and driving variables of river mouth variability: A case study of the Da Dien River mouth
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2022
Nhu Y Nguyen, Duy Huy Binh Pham, Thu Thao Hoang, Van Sy Pham, Dang Dinh Kha, Tien Giang Nguyen
Fourth, the human impacts on the estuary have not been fully taken into account in this approach. In recent times, human activity has intensely modified the evolution of coastal zones, altered the shoreline planform, and led to the narrowing/widening of inlet throat widths. The reduction in sediment supply due to reservoirs causes bank erosion and increases land loss along the delta shorelines. Nearshore dredging can dramatically affect littoral processes and changes in wave characteristics. However, the effect of the upstream sediment shortage and nearshore dredging on estuary sedimentation is not evident during the current period as its effect has a time lag of several decades. Using the proposed composite method might address these effects (only the physical impacts), which alter longshore patterns if the shoreline mapping time series of affected time is provided long enough.
Effect on sediment delivery ratio by changes in land use land cover and construction of hydraulic structures at sub basin scale
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2022
The Narmada River Basin is highly disturbed and classified with a high land loss rate and soil erosion (Mondal et al. 2015). Soil erosion affects the soil’s physical and chemical composition and decreases soil fertility (Verity and Anderson 1990). This, in turn, contributed to a decrease in agricultural productivity, which forced farmers to search for the new fertile land that would contribute to the expansion of cultivated land at the cost of forest habitats (Kanianska 2016). Because of rapid population growth in the uplands, more and more unused land uses for agriculture, loss of soil surface due to soil erosion is a threat for most watershed communities in the Narmada sub-watershed. Appropriate assessment of soil loss and sediment yields is required to determine the severity and yield of prevailing soil erosion using an appropriate soil loss model.