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Fundamental Concepts: Geologic Materials and Effective Stress
Published in Ian Watson, Alister D. Burnett, Hydrology, 2017
Ian Watson, Alister D. Burnett
Igneous Rocks: Igneous rocks are primary rocks formed from the solidification of molten, or partially-molten lava. Igneous rocks may be subdivided according to whether these are intrusive (formed at depth within the earth’s crust) or extrusive (extruded at or near the earth’s surface). An example of an intrusive rock is granite. A common extrusive rock is basalt.
Investigation on the morphological and mineralogical properties of coarse aggregates under VSI crushing operation
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2021
Chonghui Wang, Hainian Wang, Markus Oeser, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
Three different types of particles, namely, granite aggregates originated from Fujian, diabase aggregates originated from Guangdong, and limestone aggregates from Guangxi were chosen for this study, as depicted in Figure 2, since they are commonly used as construction materials in China for pavement engineering. Granite is one typical intrusive igneous grain which mainly consists of quartz, feldspar, chlorite, and biotite. Diabase is determined as subvolcanic rock or shallow intrusive rock, which equivalent to plutonic gabbro. Limestone is one sort of sedimentary rocks which mainly developed by skeletal fragments of marine creatures, and like other sedimentary rocks, limestone dominantly composed of calcium carbonate. Polishing stone value measurements revealed that the PSV of granite is 57, and that of diabase and limestone is 61 and 32, respectively.
Cleaning up the record – revised U-Pb zircon ages and new Hf isotope data from southern Sweden
Published in GFF, 2021
The sample comes from a a medium-grained, strongly gneissic, augen-bearing intrusive rock of intermediate composition (Fig. 2A), composed of quartz, K-feldspar (partly as augen), plagioclase, biotite, smaller amounts of amphibole, titanite and opaques, secondary epidote and accessory zircon. It has 61.3 wt% SiO2 and falls on the boundary between monzonite and syenite in the TAS diagram and in the field of quarz monzodiorite in the P-Q diagram (Fig. 3). It is metaluminous (A/CNK = 0.91), magnesian and alkali-calcic, falls in the fields of I-, S-, M-type and volcanic arc granites (Fig. 3), and has negative Nb, P and Ti anomalies and a negative Eu anomaly of 0.64 (Fig. 4).
Numerical modeling for the engineering analysis of rock mass behaviour due to sequential enlargement of Lowari tunnel Chitral Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019
Zahid Ur Rehman, Noor Mohammad, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Tahir
Lowari tunnel is positioned in area belonging to the geological formation of the Kohistan Complex which is positioned in between the Eurasian Continental and Indian Plates. It comprises the Kohistan Batholith (intrusive rock) and volcanic sedimentary groups which usually show more or less influence of metamorphism. Due to movements between the tectonic plates regional deformations like faulting and thrusting have occurred. Because of on-going movement of the tectonic plates, this area has to be considered as an active seismic zone.