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Problem of Using Industrial Waste: Wastes of Stone Crushing
Published in L. Dvorkin, V. Zhitkovsky, Y. Ribakov, Concrete and Mortar Production using Stone Siftings, 2018
L. Dvorkin, V. Zhitkovsky, Y. Ribakov
The most large-scale natural stone processing industry is the production of crushed stone for cement concrete [13-15]. Most of high-strength aggregates for concrete are produced from intrusive igneous rocks. These deposits are represented by such mountain rocks as granite, granodiorite, diorite, gabbro, diabaz, basalt and others. The classification of igneous rocks takes into account their chemical and mineral composition, as well as structure. There are three groups of igneous rocks: acid, medium and basic. The basic rocks include mainly such minerals as pyroxene, olivine and calcium plagioclase. Large amount of the first two minerals in the rocks determines their dark coloration. Acid stones are light colored and consist mainly of alkaline feldspars, sodium plagioclase and quartz. The composition of medium rocks has intermediate characteristics between acid and basic.
External walls: brickwork and stonework
Published in Duncan Marshall, Derek Worthing, Roger Heath, Nigel Dann, Understanding Housing Defects, 2013
Duncan Marshall, Derek Worthing, Roger Heath, Nigel Dann
Stone is a natural material which is derived from one of three basic rock formations: igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary: Igneous. These rocks were originally formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma – the name is derived from ignis, the Latin for fire. Building stones derived from igneous rocks are generally durable. Granite is an example of an igneous building stone.Metamorphic. As the name suggests, these rocks were produced by changes brought about in existing rocks. The changes mainly occurred through the influence of pressure or heat or both. Examples of building stones derived from metamorphic rocks include marble and slate.Sedimentary. These were created by the laying down of sediment produced from the wearing away of existing rocks, or from the shells and skeletons of living organisms, or by chemical deposition. These particles were deposited in layers on the floors of lakes, rivers, seas and deserts. The sediment particles were cemented together by other minerals and compacted by self-weight and sometimes by earth movements.
Igneous rocks
Published in W.S. MacKenzie, A.E. Adams, K.H. Brodie, Rocks and Minerals in Thin Section, 2017
W.S. MacKenzie, A.E. Adams, K.H. Brodie
Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of magma. Magma is usually a mixture of silicate liquid (melt), crystals of minerals which are crystallising from the liquid and sometimes gas bubbles. If the liquid cools slowly at some depth in the crust the crystals will have time to grow large. Rocks which crystallized in fairly large masses at depths of a few kilometres will form bodies that are termed plutons and the rocks are termed plutonic rocks. If the magma is erupted from a volcano or from a fissure in the crust it will cool more rapidly and the resulting rock is likely to be composed of very small crystals or glass, but often also containing suspended larger crystals that formed before eruption. Such rocks are described as extrusive or volcanic rocks.
Formation of Cu–Au porphyry deposits: hydraulic quartz veins, magmatic processes and constraints from chlorine
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
G. N. Phillips, J. R. Vearncombe, J. D. Clemens, A. Day, A. F. M. Kisters, B. P. Von der Heyden
Improved understanding of the porphyry deposits will only come about after the rise of dissatisfaction with current models and with exploration success rates. Our intention here is to suggest that there may already be some cause for dissatisfaction. An example warranting closer scrutiny is the Yerington copper system in southern Nevada USA and whether it is as relevant or diagnostic as has been suggested. This is a Cu porphyry system inferred to have been tilted onto its side to expose a 6-km crustal section (Dilles, 1987; Dilles & Einaudi, 1992; Proffett, 1977). Detailed mapping illustrates the spatial relationships between various igneous rock types and mineralisation. The quality of the exposure and mapping of the Yerington example have demonstrated the spatial relationships between an intrusive body and some vein mineralisation. However, spatial relationships provide no information on how a silicate magma could become enriched in either Cu or Au by at least two orders of magnitude, nor what mineral assemblage might be involved in partial melting to produce a silicate magma with the elevated Cl levels required to transport the metals long distances throughout the vast mineralising vein networks that characterise these deposits. These are the critical questions that we have tried to address in the present work.
Investigation on the morphological and mineralogical properties of coarse aggregates under VSI crushing operation
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2021
Chonghui Wang, Hainian Wang, Markus Oeser, Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
Three different types of particles, namely, granite aggregates originated from Fujian, diabase aggregates originated from Guangdong, and limestone aggregates from Guangxi were chosen for this study, as depicted in Figure 2, since they are commonly used as construction materials in China for pavement engineering. Granite is one typical intrusive igneous grain which mainly consists of quartz, feldspar, chlorite, and biotite. Diabase is determined as subvolcanic rock or shallow intrusive rock, which equivalent to plutonic gabbro. Limestone is one sort of sedimentary rocks which mainly developed by skeletal fragments of marine creatures, and like other sedimentary rocks, limestone dominantly composed of calcium carbonate. Polishing stone value measurements revealed that the PSV of granite is 57, and that of diabase and limestone is 61 and 32, respectively.