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Microalgae
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2021
Diana Pacheco, Ana Cristina Rocha, Tiago Verdelhos, Leonel Pereira
Industrial wastewater treatment processes also consist of physical (sedimentation and flotation), chemical (coagulation and precipitation), and/or biological processes. However, due to the complex composition of industrial effluents, these processes are more challenging than those from urban WWTPs (Crini and Lichtfouse 2019), and often are more expensive, particularly the physical and chemical treatments. Biological treatments using microalgae can be beneficial to tackle this problem and complement wastewater treatment methodologies (Wang et al. 2016). In fact, several studies evince that microalgae can remove noxious substances from industrial effluents (Table 29.1).
General Introduction of Industries
Published in Pankaj Chowdhary, Sujata Mani, New Technologies for Reclamation of Industrial Wastewater, 2021
Industrialization, although it plays a vital role in the development and establishment of a country’s economy, has now become the major source of environmental pollution throughout the world. Nowadays, the major concern of the researchers and scientists dealing the preservation problems is the waste discharge from various industries, since they consist of a variety of pollutants (organic and inorganic) and highly toxic heavy metals. These toxic pollutants cause severe water and soil pollution. If, by chance, it reaches humans and animals through accumulation, it can cause numerous fatal diseases such as delayed nervous disorders, neurological disorders, mutagenic changes, cancer, etc. Treatment of discharged wastewater is essential for environmental as well as human safety. There are various treatment processes such as physical, chemical, and biological methods that have been reported with regards to discharge of industrial effluents into the environment. The main problem with the physico-chemical treatment processes, aside from its excessive cost, are the large amount of sludge generated which acts as secondary pollutant. Biological processes—being of simple structural set-up—are cost-effective, easy to operate, has extensive application and diverse metabolic pathways, environmental-friendly with the versatility of microorganisms, and has less production of sludge in comparison to physico-chemical methods. Based on these advantages, biological methods using microbes are becoming extremely popular among various existing industrial wastewater treatment processes.
Wastewater treatment by inverse fluidization technology
Published in Shirish H. Sonawane, Y. Pydi Setty, T. Bala Narsaiah, S. Srinu Naik, Innovative Technologies for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater, 2017
Industrial wastewater treatment is understood as the mechanisms and processes which are used to treat waters that have been contaminated by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. There are various processes available that can be used to treat the wastewaters depending on the type and extent of pollutants. Examples of some industrial wastewater [2] are given in the following subsections.
Preparation and characterization of ultrafiltration membranes from PPSU-PES polymer blend for dye removal
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021
Dalia Muthana Al-Ani, Faris H. Al-Ani, Qusay F. Alsalhy, Salah S. Ibrahim
Industrial wastewater treatment is one of the most important means of protecting the water environment from chemical and physical pollution. Most industrial wastewater contains various chemical compounds, which varies by industry. Dyes are utilized to a large extent in many industries, including plastic, rubber, paper, textile, and cosmetic industries. There are more than 10,000 commercial pigments and dyes available and more than 700,000 tons are manufactured every year worldwide (Garg et al. 2004). The dyes are commonly used to color cellulosic fibers (e.g.cotton). However, coloring with reactive dyes generally causes environmental problems (Jiraratananon et al. 2000). The strict environmental laws restrict the discharge of these effluents into rivers, streams, or any receiver without proper treatment. Many chemical and physical processes have been utilized for the decolorization and refinement of dyeing from wastewater, such as coagulation, adsorption, chemical degradation, and biodegradation (Al-Degs et al. 2008). Toxic and nonbiodegradable dyes discharged into stream water can lead to increasing pollutant concentrations and environmental risks. Moreover, under anaerobic conditions, dyes can degrade to more dangerous elements. As a result, the pollutant concentration will be higher and water quality will be degraded permanently (Damardji et al. 2009).
Effective treatment of textile industry wastewater by combined ultraviolet assisted and Fe2+ catalyzed percarbonate oxidation
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Ezgi Unal Yilmaz, Hilal Gundogdu, Oyku Nur Bilgin, Senem Yokus, Oruc Kaan Turk, Senem Yazici Guvenc, Emine Can-Güven, Gamze Varank
Not only does the removal efficiency play an important role in the treatment of industrial wastewater, but also the cost of the process is important in choosing an appropriate method. Cost assessment of processes helps to decide on the selection of a suitable process for industrial wastewater treatment. The operating cost of the Photo-Fenton and Photo-Fenton-like (UV/SPC/Fe2+) process is the chemical and energy cost (the energy required for the UV lamps used).[35] The energy, chemical, and total costs corresponding to the COD removal efficiency of the control experiments conducted in this study were calculated with the following equation.[64]
Use of artificial neuronal networks for prediction of the control parameters in the process of anaerobic digestion with thermal pretreatment
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Rita Flores-Asis, Juan M. Méndez-Contreras, Ulises Juárez-Martínez, Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman, Daniel Villanueva-Vásquez, Alberto A. Aguilar-Lasserre
Some industrial wastewater treatment plants base their processes on the biological degradation caused by a microbial ecosystem of an organic substratum in absence of a source of oxygen.[1] This degradation is accomplished through a series of sequential and parallel processes known as anaerobic digestion,[2] which is an alternative technology to stabilization of the sludge by dewatering to dry it and make a compost bed. In addition, this process is a source of biogas, a nonfossil combustible gas,[3] and this is why anaerobic digestion has become one of the main options for the treatment of wastewater.[4]