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Flexible pavement performance with lime treated bases
Published in Inge Hoff, Helge Mork, Rabbira Garba Saba, Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Volume 3, 2022
Mena I. Souliman, Nitish R. Bastola, Mohamed H. Elshaer
Johnson studied the use of lime on bases and subgrades to increase its performance. The study found that poor subgrade and base materials can be modified to a significant level if appropriate quantities of the lime were used. The finished base was also found to be waterproof if lime was used (Johnson, 1949). Similar to Johanson’s study, Saride et al. used fly ash for the stabilization of the RAP. Saride et al. found that 80 % RAP replacing virgin aggregates can be stabilized with 40% fly ash to meet both the resilient modulus and unconfined strength requirements of base material for low volume roads (Saride et al. 2015). Mohammad et al. also compared the resilient modulus of the limestone aggregate base with different base treated materials. Blended calcium sulfate (BCS) treated with steel slag and BCS treated with fly ash showed higher resilient modulus values among the investigated materials (Mohammad et al. 2016). Incinerator bottom ash (IBA) is a by-product residual produced by incinerating municipal solid waste. Ahmed et al. found that IBA treatment of crushed limestone had a better performance as a road base layer than the untreated limestone regarding their resilient moduli (Ahmed and Khalid 2011).
Permanent Landfill and Stabilization for the Remediation of Municipal and Industrial Wastes
Published in Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Abhilash, Sustainable and Economic Waste Management, 2019
Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Tanveer M. Adyel
The hydrogenotrophic methanogens Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales greatly dominated in several landfills of different ages in China, and indicated unprecedented levels of archaeal complexity in the landfill. The MBT that consists of mechanical screening of MSW followed by an aerobic (composting-like) process, has a significant role in reducing organic materials, waste volume and impacts. The MSW incinerator bottom ash, a mineral assemblage, can be used as the liner, protection layer and leachate drainage layer instead of natural minerals, which have great ability to adsorb the nitrite and alter the migration of nitrite in the landfill. Serving as hydraulic barriers, soil covers of natural clay materials with low permeability can decrease the filtration of leachate through waste and reduce the migration rate of toxic pollutants, including heavy metals, transport and distribution of both leachate and accompanied organic and inorganic pollutants. A decision support system i.e., LFAdvisor has been developed to integrate current knowledge of barrier systems into a computer application using the Visual Basic program that can help in landfill design.
Resistance of geotextiles against mechanical damage caused by incinerator bottom ash
Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Margarida Gonçalves, Ana Luísa Fernando, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities III, 2019
F. Almeida, J.R. Carneiro, M.L. Lopes
In European Union, Directive 2008/98/CE on waste sets that by 2035, 65% by weight of the municipal waste should be forwarded to valorisation actions including reuse and recycling. One of the procedures used for treating municipal solid waste is incineration, which causes the generation of a residue known as incinerator bottom ash (IBA) in considerable amounts. Over the past years, the academic community has been studying the possibility of using IBA in different situations, e.g., as cementitious material and as recycled aggregate in the manufacture of concrete and in road construction (Xuan et al. 2018). In geotechnical engineering, IBA may be in contact with geosynthetics (for example, IBA can be used as filling material in roadways or in railways infrastructures), being important to understand the degree of degradation that IBA may cause on these materials.
Enhanced elution of chloride ions from incinerator bottom ash
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2021
Gjergj Dodbiba, Xiang Zhang, Yonggu Kim, Mauricio Córdova Udaeta, Josiane Ponou, Toyohisa Fujita
Recycling of the incinerator bottom ash (IBA) is important since the landfilling capacity is limited, and if it is left untreated, it would generate a great environmental burden. One way to recycle the incinerator bottom ash is to use it as an alternative raw material for cement production since its chemical composition is similar to that of cement. In turn, the consumption of natural resources, such as limestone and clay, can be reduced. Furthermore, harmful substances such as dioxins, present in the incinerator ash, would be decomposed during heating to a temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln, avoiding environmental pollution. Yin et al. (2018a) reviewed several types of combustion ashes, and pointed out their advantage to be used as potential secondary materials for cement production. Yin, Chan, et al. (2018b) used two geochemical models to simulate the IBA leaching behaviors and found that metal leaching may be well predicted by introducing several co-complexation factors in the simulation models. Data from their large-scale field trial experiments suggested that the leaching potential of metals from incineration bottom ash associated with land reclamation changed significantly as a function of seawater depth (Yin et al. 2019). They also investigated leaching kinetics of trace metals from incineration bottom ashes (IBA) under diffusion and advection as well as, the leachate transportation of 11 heavy metals was dominated by the permeability (Yin, Chan, Dou, and Lisak, et al. 2020a; Yin, Chan, Dou, and Ahamed 2020b). Phua et al. (2019) analyzed three different methods for treatment of IBA, namely separation, thermal, and solidification/stabilization processes, and reviewed challenges related to treatment costs, providing insights on the implications and possibilities of utilizing the incineration ash as secondary materials. Environmental risk assessment of human exposures during IBA utilization in land reclamation suggested that the environmental impact was primarily due to dilution of the IBA leachate (Yin et al., 2020b).