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Role of Nano-Biotechnology in Solid Waste Management
Published in Ram Naresh Bharagava, Sandhya Mishra, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Bioremediation, 2022
Rakesh K. Sahoo, Shikha Varma, Saroj Kumar Singh
Incineration is an efficient technology adopted worldwide to reduce the waste volume and demand for landfill space. This attractive process can reduce almost 95% of the waste volume. Typically, this process eliminates the methane gas emission as compared to other waste management processes. In the advancement of modern pollution control technologies, incineration is considered a prime process for waste-to-energy generation, especially in developed countries. As per the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), waste incineration generates clean and green energy (Leme et al. 2014).
Introduction to Recycling of Polymers and Metal Composites
Published in R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Emin Bayraktar, Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites, 2021
R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Abdul Kadir Jailani, Amir Hamzah Mohd Yusof, Mohd Nurazzi Norizan, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, M.S.N. Atikah, A. Atiqah, Emin Bayraktar
In recent years, there has been increased interest in the recycling of polymer composites. In research conducted by Shanmugam et al. (2020) on recycling of polymers in AM, there is an opportunity for the circular economy. It was shown that the development of various products by AM of different polymers has been on the rise. In order to promote efficiency and development in a circular economy, AM will provide a stronger manufacturing approach. While polymer waste disposal requires different techniques, polymer recycling is an efficient process. For example, incineration creates destructive greenhouse gases and sites and consume space and impact the atmosphere adversely. The evolution of filament deposition modeling (FDM) results in an expanded use in various applications of recycled polymers. The recycled polymers in FDM provide routes for successful polymer waste management. However, the performance of recycled polymer products produced through AM must be understood to meet application requirements. One method of analyzing the recycled ability of waste plastics is to reintegrate them into composites and to test their mechanical properties. As a result, compared to printed recycled polymers, the production of thoroughly recycled composites through FDM will lead to greater strength.
Solid Waste
Published in Rajeev Pratap Singh, Vishal Prasad, Barkha Vaish, Advances in Waste-to-Energy Technologies, 2019
Tansukh Barupal, Deepali Chittora, Mukesh Meena
Incineration: Waste is burned in the presence of sufficient air and at a high temperature of 100°C–1,400°C. One of the main remarkable features of the incineration procedure is that it can be used to decrease the original volume of combustible solid waste by 80%–90% (Mehta, 2014). However, during the incineration process the emissions of pollutant species such as SOx, NOx, HCl, harmful organic compounds (McKay, 2002), and heavy metals are high (Wiles, 1996; Meena & Samal, 2019; Barupal et al., 2019).
Evaluation of high percentage of alternative aggregates for the production of hot mix asphalt surface layers
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Simone Raschia, Stefano Tattolo, Achille Rilievi
Due to the limited landfilling space in many highly populated countries, waste incineration has become a valid treatment process to overcome this issue (Jørgensen & Milanez, 2017; Yin et al., 2018). Recently, new companies actively specialised in the post-treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) bottom ashes to obtain a reusable material (end of waste product – EOW), which can be included in a new production line after specific processing (ageing, sieving and washing). The material obtained, formed by a silica matrix rich in iron, calcium and aluminum oxides, can be considered for production of cement or ceramic materials (Schabbach et al., 2011, 2012). In addition, some recent studies have evaluated the use of MSW fly ash as filler aggregate in the production of HMA materials. It was observed that MSW fly ash could be successfully included as filler in HMA after preliminary actions, especially addressed to reduce the presence of soluble salts. In this manner, the mechanical properties of the mixtures obtained are comparable to traditional mixtures (Romeo et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2022).
Pricing problem in a medical waste supply chain under environmental investment: a game theory approach
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2022
Reza Maihami, Iman Ghalehkhondabi
A healthcare facility can provide medical treatment on-site or off-site. In any case, non-hazardous waste and treated hazardous waste, such as ash from an autoclave or incinerator, are disposed of in a landfill. Figure 1 shows several common strategies for managing hazardous medical wastes. Strategy 1 includes three independent firms that handle the hazardous waste to the landfill for the final disposal. It is the most common method. Hospital waste is collected and transported to the appropriate treatment facility (or DF) by a third-party company referred to as the transfer station (or contractor). The treatment firm will take suitable disposal technology and converts waste to acceptable products by a landfill. In the final step, the treated waste is moved from the treatment facility to the landfill by either the treatment company or landfill company. In strategy 2, the healthcare facility owns both the transfer station and the treatment facility. This strategy is rare due to its high capital costs and control complexity. Strategy 3 is more common than strategy 2, in which the healthcare facility only owns the transfer station. The hospital’s in-house fleet collects and transports hazardous waste to the treatment facility. In strategy 4, the transfer station and treatment facility are run by the same company (either the treatment facility or the transfer station). This strategy is mostly used in the U.S. Strategies 2, and 4 could be called “Corporation” strategies, whereby all operations are handled by one company.
Leaching characteristics and hazard evaluation of bottom ash generated from common biomedical waste incinerators
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
A. Ramesh Kumar, Atul Narayan Vaidya, Ishan Singh, Kajal Ambekar, Suyog Gurjar, Archana Prajapati, Gajanan Sitaramji Kanade, Girivyankatesh Hippargi, Ganesh Kale, Sandeep Bodkhe
Incineration of waste offers some advantages that include mass (about 70%) and volume (about 90%) reduction besides possibility of energy recovery. Another major advantage of incineration of BMW is destruction of pathogenic organisms. However, incineration also produces highly toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorobenzenes (CBz) etc.[4,5] These POPs are generated during incineration and its formation is a complex process. POPs formation depends on the presence/formation of precursers and mettalic catalysts, temperature of incineration, carbon particle size and morphology, burning efficiency etc.[6–8] Mercury and other toxic metals in BMW incinerator residues orginate from feed waste, which is highly hetrogenious in nature. The residues left after the incineration process need to be disposed safely as it may contain toxic POPs as well as heavy metals, which may otherwise leachout into ground and surface water resources.[9,10]