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Role of Human Interventions in the Evolution of Forms and Processes in the Mayurakshi River Basin
Published in Balai Chandra Das, Sandipan Ghosh, Aznarul Islam, Suvendu Roy, Anthropogeomorphology of Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System in India, 2020
Aznarul Islam, Suman Deb Barman, Mainul Islam, Susmita Ghosh
In the context of MRB, sand mining and stone crushing are dominant activities. The increasing demand for the pakka (concrete) building backed by the phobia to escape from flood-induced damages of building and Pradhan Mantri Abas Yojona (a scheme sponsored by the Central Government to provide pakka building to the poor). Naturally, demand for construction material especially locally available sand from river bed of the Mayurakshi River has exponentially increased. This increasing demand has induced illegal sand mining from the river bed. The extensive field observations indicate that from the source to the mouth of the Mayurakshi River, some tributaries like Siddheswari, Bhurbhuri, Dhobbi, Tepra,Kuea, Brahmani and Dwarka have explicitly shown the trend of discrete point sand mining and continuous linear stretch mining. Along the Mayurakshi River, there are 94 discrete point locations in the upper stretches of the basin. Similarly, 19 discrete locations in the middle stretches have been observed during 2019–2020 (Figure 5.23).
Benefits of using sea sand and seawater in concrete: a comprehensive review
Published in Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 2019
Tanaz Dhondy, Alex Remennikov, M. Neaz Shiekh
Similarly, sand and gravel are regarded as the most extracted materials in the world. The large demand for sand has led to illegal sand mining practices by the ‘sand mafia,’ which remains unregulated as governing bodies fail to enforce environmental policies (Delestrac 2013; Beiser 2015). Uncontrollable sand mining has erased at least two dozen Indonesian islands since 2005. Land reclamation projects and the massive construction boom in Dubai has also resulted in all nearby sand sources being exhausted with sand now being supplied by Australian exporters (Beiser 2015). It is estimated that more than 47–59 billion tonnes of sand and gravel are used each year (UNEP 2014). The rapid depletion of sand has also seen two of the major sand mines within the Sydney Planning Region, the Penrith Lake Scheme and the Kurnell sand mine, rezoned for residential use in 2014 and 2009, respectively (Pienmunne and Whitehouse 2001; NSW Dept. of Planning 2009).
Development of a framework for sand auditing of the Chaliyar River basin, Kerala, India using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS model coupling
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2023
Abhijith Sathya, Santosh G. Thampi, N. R. Chithra
Sand mining is the removal of sand from rivers, lakes, and beaches either manually or by using heavy machinery. Sand so extracted is used to manufacture concrete, extract elements like zirconium and titanium, and manufacture glass. Sand and gravel mining for construction activities have increased drastically in the last decade to meet the demands of the growing population. This has caused serious environmental impacts forcing governments of various states in India and elsewhere to either restrict or prohibit sand mining. As a consequence of this decision, illegal sand mining is being resorted to by a so-called ‘sand mafia’, resulting in aggravation of the already serious problem and law and order issues (Ashraf et al., 2011; Jose et al., 2014; Kamboj et al., 2017; Kondolf, 1994).