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Biowastes for Ethanol Production
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Energy from Waste, 2022
Jeffin James Abraham, Christian Randell A. Arro, Ali A. El-Samak, Alaa H. Hawari, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma
Key statistics have indicated that the global primary energy consumption stands to more than 170,000 TWh in 2019 with a majority of the proportions from non-renewable resources such as oil, gas, and coal, as seen in Figure 9.1 [4]. Interestingly, sources have shown that the year-to-year outlook for the rate of change of global energy consumption has shown signs of decline, which can be attributed to better technology and growing energy efficiency, as well as the unfortunate COVID-19 pandemic which enforced lockdown measurements – ultimately putting industry and basic day-to-day lifestyle at a standstill, leading to an estimated drop in global energy demand by 5% [5]. However, the energy produced and consumed from non-renewable resources still consequently leads to environmentally damaging outcomes such as the emission of CO2, a global contributor to air pollution and global climate change, and topological damages toward the environment as a result of oil spills, mining, and deforestation. As such, the interest toward renewable and sustainable resources has grown considerably in current times.
Universal model of managing stakeholders towards supporting sustainable development implementation
Published in Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, Radosław Wolniak, Oksana A. Marinina, Tatyana V. Ponomarenko, Stakeholders, Sustainable Development Policies and the Coal Mining Industry, 2022
Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, Radosław Wolniak, Oksana A. Marinina, Tatyana V. Ponomarenko
Secondly, whether we like it or not, hard coal mining, like other enterprises extracting natural resources, will operate in the world for at least several dozen years more. Most countries, including the most developed and intensively developing countries, predominantly use non-renewable resources such as coal, gas and oil in the energy and heating sectors. The process of replacing them with renewable energy sources is very slow, and, in the current technological and economic conditions, full or even a majority substitution of non-renewable resources by renewable ones is not possible.
Need for Advanced Materials and Technologies
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Neeraj Kumari, Sushma, Firdaus Parveen
Natural resources are materials such as air, sunlight, soil, water, and fossil fuels that exist in nature without any human activity. These resources are used for various purposes such as aesthetic, commercial, industrial, cultural, and scientific purposes (58). There are mainly two types of natural resources based on their rate of generation and replenishment compared to their consumption, as shown in Fig. 3.10: Renewable resources: Resources that can be replenished faster than their consumption, such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass, water energy. These resources can be replenished naturally over a short period of time.Non-renewable resources: Resources that are available in limited quantities and cannot be replenished over a short period. The rate of consumption is more than the rate of formation. Examples are coal, natural gas, petroleum, etc.
Sustainable machining: environmental performance analysis of turning
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2022
Raneesha Fernando, Janaka Gamage, Hirushie Karunathilake
According to past literature, energy use and MWF are the key sources of environmental impacts related to machining (Campatelli 2009). Energy consumption is associated with a number of adverse impacts due to non-renewable resource use, emissions, damage to the ecosystem, land use, habitat alteration and human health risks. Higher energy use from the conventional fossil fuel supply sources increases the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere (Huang and Ameta 2014). MWF, the next major source of environmental impacts, is also one of the top health threats on a machine shop floor (Schultheiss et al. 2013). The MWFs are toxic and non-biodegradable because they are produced using mineral oils (Pervaiz, Kannan, and Kishawy 2018) (Pusavec, Krajnik, and Kopac 2010). Moreover, some additives in MWFs contribute to the ozone layer depletion process (Dahmus and Gutowski 2004). During machining, the MWFs break down chemically due to high cutting temperatures and then contact with the human body both externally via skin and internally via inhalation, resulting in adverse health impacts (Campatelli 2009). Aforementioned adverse effects of energy and MWF use can be mitigated to some extent by optimising the machining process for reduced resource consumption.
Radiative and Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching surface due to nonlinear convection and homogeneous heterogeneous reactions
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
The energy requirement is the main issue worldwide and non-renewable resources are mostly used to fulfill the energy requirement. The harmful influence of the non-renewable sources creates air pollution and has a harmful impact on the atmosphere. To reduce these drawbacks researchers are working on renewable energy skills including solar energy. These sources are environment-friendly and inexpensive. These sources are further altered in the electric machines and other useful devices. Nanofluids play a role to run renewable sources such as solar collectors, and geothermal types of equipment as alternatives to fossil fuels whose too much use harms globally. The tri-hybrid nano nanoparticles are more effective to enhance the thermal efficiency of the base solvent and these particles are 1 nm to 100 nm, as discussed in the initial theory [1]. Choi [2] has introduced nanofluids. Xuan and Roetzel [3] have contributed to including the nanofluids in the stable dispersion for the improvement of heat transfer. Later, Xuan and Li [4] studied the nanofluid flow in the cylindrical body for heat transfer analysis. The important parameters that influence the fluid motions were studied.
Effect of composite additives on microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Chunxiang Chen, Jun Tang, Chenxu Guo, Haozhong Huang
With the rapid development of the society, energy consumption is increasing significantly. At the same time, fossil fuels are regarded as nonrenewable resources, whose reserves are getting less and less. The massive consumption of fossil fuels leads to severe problems, such as environmental pollution and global warming. The shortage of fossil energy and the serious effect of fossil fuel on the environment make the renewable energy a hotspot for the current researchers. As a kind of ideal renewable energy and a potential carbon neutral energy source, biomass has been widely accepted as one of the most promising alternatives of fossil fuels (Fang et al. 2018). Besides, bioenergy is a kind of energy which is generated by the fuel obtained from the biomass, renewable waste, or the further processing of biomass (Bundhoo 2018). Compared with other biomass, microalgae show a lot of advantages such as fast growth rate, capability of using wastewater, high oil content, and no cultivated land occupation (Cuellar-Bermudez et al. 2015). Therefore, research on microalgae is very meaningful.