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Surface Water and Groundwater
Published in A. Zaman, Md. Hedayetullah, Sustainable Water Resource Development and Management, 2022
Successful agriculture is dependent upon farmers having sufficient access to water. However, water scarcity is already a critical constraint to farming in many parts of the world. World Bank targets food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that is fostering a growing debate. Water scarcity is where there is not enough water to meet all demands, including that needed for effective functioning of ecosystems. Water scarcity also occurs where water seems abundant but the resources are over-committed. Physical water scarcity also includes environmental degradation declining groundwater resources. Starvation and poverty has got nexus with water availability and economic scarcity, meanwhile, is caused by a lack of investment in water or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for water. Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of infrastructure, with people often having to fetch water from rivers for domestic and agricultural uses.
Water − state of the resource
Published in Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena, Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources for Civil Engineers, 2021
Amithirigala Widhanelage Jayawardena
Water scarcity refers to the lack of freshwater resources. It is human-driven and depends on the volume of water consumption relative to the volume of water resources available in a given area. Therefore, an arid region with very little available water with no human consumption would not be considered as water-scarce region.
Future Power Generation And the Environment
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Water scarcity is a serious issue exacerbated by demographic pressures, climate changes and pollution. The world’s water supplies just are not abundant enough to guarantee enough water to the increasing population as needed for their personal needs and for the growing economies.
Spatial assessment of drought vulnerability using fuzzy-analytical hierarchical process: a case study at the Indian state of Odisha
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2021
Sunil Saha, Barnali Kundu, Gopal Chandra Paul, Kaustuv Mukherjee, Biswajeet Pradhan, Abhirup Dikshit, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Abdullah M. Alamri
Nowadays, water resource management is majorly threatened by water scarcity. Water scarcity is being further diluted by the discordance in rainfall and increase of temperature due to climate change (IPCC 2013). The food security and water resources of the country are likely under threat by the increasing intensity and frequency of the drought event in the future. For these reasons, drought risk area demarcation is very crucial specifically for the agro-economy of India, particularly in the monsoon season. According to an estimation, India’s overall water consumption would rise nearly 32% by 2050 (Amarasinghe et al. 2007) and after using the country’s maximum irrigation capacity, half of the agricultural area would depend on rainfall for cultivation (CRIDA 2007). Through the increasing drought risk, the availability of freshwater and rain-fed agriculture is reported to be vulnerable.
Strategies for coping with inadequate domestic water supply in Abuja, Nigeria
Published in Water International, 2018
Provision of adequate and safe drinking water is necessary and instrumental to human well-being and socio-economic development, and is an important public policy issue for governments and international agencies, and among scholars. In 2010, the UN passed a resolution formally acknowledging the right of every human to adequate, safe, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses. Similarly, Sustainable Development Goal 6, Targets 1 and 4, focus on equitable access to clean and affordable drinking water for all and reducing the proportion of the population experiencing water scarcity (WHO/UNICEF, 2015). However, as of 2015, about 32% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa lacked access to improved drinking water, defined as water obtained from a tap within a dwelling or yard, a public standpipe, a borehole, a protected spring/well, or neatly harvested rainwater (WHO/UNICEF, 2015). Water scarcity causes severe health risks, and challenges efforts to alleviate poverty, child deaths and gender inequality and to achieve sustainable development (Gunther & Schipper, 2013; UN-Habitat, 2003).
Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of and adaptations to water scarcity in an irrigated system in Chiapas, Mexico
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2023
David Leroy, Gerardo Bocco, Sara Barrasa García
Managing water scarcity has become a crucial challenge for societies worldwide (Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2016; Tortajada & Biswas, 2020). Of all economic sectors, agriculture experiences the most significant impact of water scarcity, especially in tropical, developing countries (Molden, 2013; Rosa et al., 2020). Smallholder farmers, who face multiple risks to their agricultural production and livelihoods, are particularly vulnerable to this impact (Aguilar et al., 2022; Giordano et al., 2019). As well as in many regions in the Global South, smallholder farmers in Mexico are increasingly affected by this phenomenon due to the combined effects of climate change and economic crises (Donatti et al., 2019; Bocco et al., 2021; Leroy et al., 2022b).