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Ship handling in challenging conditions
Published in Alexander Arnfinn Olsen, Core Principles of Maritime Navigation, 2023
Anchoring in heavy concentrations of ice should always be avoided; if the ice is moving then its force may break the cable. When conditions permit, anchoring can be carried out though it must be done in light brash ice, rotten ice, or widely scattered floes with the main engine on immediate notice. The anchor should be brought in as soon as the wind threatens to move ice onto the vessel. Even with the advent of new techniques and technologies for ice navigation, such as radar sensor images through cloud cover, infra-red images, and satellite images for a larger view of the surroundings around the vessel, it is vital to understand that ship’s operations of any sort under the influence of sea ice are not only dangerous but also life threatening, and utmost care must be taken while navigating through ice water areas.
Estimated Risks of Navigation of LNG Vessels through the Ob River Bay and Kara Sea
Published in Adam Weintrit, Marine Navigation, 2017
D. Ivanišević, A. Gundić, Ð. Mohović
The results of geological exploration near the port of Sabetta, have confirmed that the field’s “proven” natural gas reserves are sufficient to produce up to 16.5 million tons of LNG per year (Yamal LNG Project 2013). Taking into consideration these results and the market analysis, the contract was signed for the construction of 15 ARC7 Ice-Class LNG vessels and about 10 conventional LNG carriers necessary for the carriage of contracted LNG volumes. Ice Class defines construction standards for hull and ship propulsion and propulsion power suitable for safe ice navigation. ARC classification has been established to the requirements of the RMRS (Russian Maritime Register of Shipping).
The impact of ice class on the economics of wet and dry bulk shipping in the Arctic waters
Published in Maritime Policy & Management, 2018
Tomi Solakivi, Tuomas Kiiski, Lauri Ojala
Vessels operating in Arctic waters are designed in line with their intended purpose and the requirements of the trading area, which largely refers to ice-navigation capability. The functional specifications are based on either the ice-class rules or the predefined conditions of the area in question (Riska 2010). The higher the ice capability, the more dependent the productivity of the vessel is on autonomous operations in ice-infested waters (Von Bock Und Polach, Ehlers, and Erikstad 2014).