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Heavy Metal Bioprecipitation
Published in Edgardo R. Donati, Heavy Metals in the Environment, 2018
Graciana Willis, Edgardo R. Donati
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms play an important role in the geochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. They are widely distributed in a large variety of anaerobic marine, terrestrial, and subterrestrial ecosystems and can coexist along with another anaerobic microorganism. These interactions are particularly important in both oxic/anoxic interface and in the deeper anoxic regions (Thauer et al., 2007). In the last years, several studies on the isolation and identification by molecular approaches of SRM from these environments were reported. Falagan et al. (2014) analyzed the indigenous microbial communities of two extremely acidic and metal-rich stratified pit lakes located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain), using a combination of cultivation-based and cultured independent approach. SRM belonging to Desulfomonile and Desulfosporosinus genus were isolated from the chemocline zone. Other microorganisms that take part in the iron cycle were also found, such as L. ferrooxidans, A. ferrooxidans, and Acidocella sp. Similar studies performed in other extreme environments, such as acidic hot-spring sediments, the Tinto River and acid mine drainage-affected areas were reported (Alazar et al., 2010; Rowe et al., 2007; Sánchez-Andrea et al., 2012a, 2013; Willis et al., 2013).
The Hajjar deposit of Guemassa (SW Meseta, Morocco): a metamorphosed syn-sedimentary massive sulphide ore body of the Iberian type of volcano-sedimentary massive sulphide deposits
Published in Adam Piestrzyński, Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century, 2001
The characteristics of these massive sulphide deposits are very similar to those of the massive pyrite ores in the South Iberian Pyrite Belt (Saez et al. 1999). They were in the same way deposited in syn-tectonic basins with bi-modal volcanism, and their features record syn-deposition tectonic activity. In the Hajjar occurrence, at least, they were in the same way spatially related to volcanism, but their deposition occurred rather in sediments at the time of vanishing volcanic activity, with a significant component of replacement of unconsolidated sediments. They are in the same way underlain by a penetrative sulphide stockwork. All these characteristics led Saez et al. (1999) to define the Iberian type of massive sulphide deposits, genetically intermediate between the VMS and Sedex class of deposits. Thus, the Carboniferous massive sulphide deposits of the Guemassa- Jebilet basins may be ascribed to this type. However, as far as they essentially consist of pyrrhotite, rather than pyrite, it is proposed that they should define a sub-type (the Guemassa sub-type) of the Iberian type of deposits.
The evolution of support and reinforcement philosophy and practice for underground mining excavations
Published in Ernesto Villaescusa, Christopher R. Windsor, Alan G. Thompson, Rock Support and Reinforcement Practice in Mining, 2018
The design, development and operation of the Neves Corvo copper-tin mine in the Iberian Pyrite Belt near the town of Almadovar in southern Portugal is a modem success story which owes much to the application of geomechanics knowledge and modern rock support and reinforcement philosophy and techniques. With annual production of 2.3 million tonnes of copper and tin ores it is one of the world’s largest underground copper mines.
3D structural control and spatial distribution of Zn-Pb-Cu grades in the Palmeirópolis VMS deposit, Brazil
Published in Applied Earth Science, 2022
Saulo B. de Oliveira, Ignacio Torresi, Debora A. L. Rossi
In the Paleozoic deposits of Rio Tinto and Touro, the Iberian Pyrite Belt, the stockwork and massive sulfide zones could be recognised in some ore bodies, which occur in geometries from local tight folds placing the feeder zone parallel to massive sulfides (e.g. Vieiro and Fuente Rosas ore bodies) in the Touro deposit (Arias et al. 2021), or along a regional anticline in the Rio Tinto deposit (Martin-Izard et al. 2015). The Paleoproterozoic Aripuanã deposit is metamorphosed into lower greenschist facies and presents both ore bodies with the original spatial relation between massive lenses and perpendicular stockwork zone (e.g. Ambrex ore body) and parallel folded zones (e.g. Arex ore body) separated by less than 1 km (Biondi et al. 2013; Cox et al. 2021). The 3D models of Paleoproterozoic Falun deposit, Sweden involves one or several megascopic, steeply plunging sheath folds with the massive sulfides forming the central part of these folds, generating a very particular stretched rod-like geometries in the ore bodies (Kampmann et al. 2016, 2017). The rod-like geometries refer to preserved Cu-Au stockwork mineralisation as an example of a VMS deposit metamorphosed in amphibolite facies.
Treatment of real industrial wastewaters through nano-TiO2 and nano-Fe2O3 photocatalysis: case study of mining and kraft pulp mill effluents
Published in Environmental Technology, 2018
V. Nogueira, I. Lopes, T. A. P. Rocha-Santos, F. Gonçalves, R. Pereira
The inorganic effluent was collected from the São Domingos (Portugal) mine area, an abandoned cupric pyrite mine located in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The sulphide oxidation process produces an acid mine drainage (AMD) rich in sulphates and metals (Table 1), which is responsible for serious environmental problems affecting the biological communities [14,15]. The AMD sample used in the present study was collected from a settlement pond. The water was collected into plastic containers (1.5 L) previously rinsed with 10% HCl. The samples were transported under refrigeration to the laboratory and stored at −20°C in the dark until use.