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Significance of Greenhouse Gas Measurement for Carbon Management Technologies
Published in Subhas K Sikdar, Frank Princiotta, Advances in Carbon Management Technologies, 2020
Carbon management systems aim to reduce atmospheric warming and climate effects by controlling warming agent flows to the atmosphere. Atmospheric warming is primarily driven by its greenhouse gas concentrations. Therefore, greenhouse gases are a primary focus of carbon management efforts. The main greenhouse gases (GHGs) of interest are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), the halogenated hydrocarbon gases not covered by the Montreal Protocols (often termed the F-gases—fluorinated hydrocarbons), nitrogen tri-fluoride and sulfur hexa-fluoride. Reduction strategies are informed by estimation and measurement of greenhouse gas quantities emitted from and taken up by a wide range of processes and economic activities occurring at Earth’s surface. Reliable quantitative information is critical to assessing the performance of reduction/mitigation efforts. Greenhouse gas inventory reports are widely-accepted sources used as mitigation policy performance metrics to assess efforts often focused on energy production and usage or efficiency and on land use. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Task Force on National Inventories of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, TFI) have established requirements and guidelines to provide a uniform and robust inventory reporting framework for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC-TFI, 2006).
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Published in Hussein T. Mouftah, Melike Erol-Kantarci, Smart Grid, 2017
Melike Erol-Kantarci, Hussein T. Mouftah
The U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of 2010 reports that electricity generation is the largest source of CO2 emissions in the United States, causing 40% of the total emissions across the United States [5]. Therefore, reducing electricity consumption is important to reach the goal of low-carbon economies and it is possible with the integration of renewable sources and energy management at the demand side. The relation of the low-carbon economies, smart grid, and residential energy management is illustrated in Figure 10.1. Carbon reduction requires cooperation of the transportation, building, agriculture, forestry, cement, chemicals, petroleum and gas, and iron and steel sectors, as well as the power sector.
Pervasive Energy Management for the Smart Grid: Towards a Low Carbon Economy
Published in Syed Ijlal Ali Shah, Mohammad Ilyas, Hussein T. Mouftah, Pervasive Communications Handbook, 2017
Melike Erol-Kantarci, Hussein T. Mouftah
US Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of 2010 reports that electricity generation is the largest source of CO2 emissions in the United States, causing 40% of the total emissions across the United States [5]. Therefore, reducing the electricity consumption is important to reach the goal of low carbon economies and it is possible with the integration of renewable sources and energy management at the demand side. The relation between the low carbon economies, smart grid, and residential energy management is illustrated in Figure 21.1. Carbon reduction requires cooperation of the transportation, buildings, agriculture, forestry, cement, chemicals, petroleum & gas, and iron & steel sectors, as well as the power sector.
The proportion of deposited urine patch intercepted by a delayed inhibitor application
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Donna Giltrap, Nicolaas Portegys, Surinder Saggar, James Hanly
Nitrification inhibitors are a class of compounds that slow down the rate of ammonium transformation into nitrate . This can potentially reduce N2O emissions both directly from nitrification and by slowing down the subsequent denitrification of to N2O. In addition, nitrification inhibitors can also reduce leaching losses as the negatively charged ion is more prone to leaching than [6,7]. However, by keeping the concentrations higher for longer, nitrification inhibitors can potentially increase NH3 losses [8]. The reduction in emissions that can be achieved varies with many factors including soil type, the amount of DCD applied and weather conditions. A review by Di and Cameron [7] found that the use of the inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) reduced N2O emissions from urine patches between 18 and 86% (average 57%) and leaching by 30–50%, while Kim et al. [8] found that NH3 emissions could be increased 0.3–25%. The New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas inventory assumes a 53% reduction in N2O emissions and a 67% reduction in leaching (with no effect on NH3) when the nitrification inhibitor DCD was used [9].
Influential factors for the emission inspection results of urban in-use vehicles: From an ensemble learning perspective
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2022
Qin Zhimei, Yangxin Xiong, Hong Tian, Xiaoyun Deng, Pengcheng Qin, Yu Zhan, Bin Wang, Xianfeng Zeng
Mobile sources are one of the major contributors of air pollution (Hong Huo et al. 2015). With 5.195 million vehicles in Chengdu (MEEPRC (Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China) 2020), second only to Beijing, air pollution can be a major problem. An existing study showed that the emissions from motor vehicles exhaust are the largest contributors to volatile organic compounds (VOCs, a vital precursor of ozone production) in Chengdu (Chao et al. 2020, Qinwen Tan et al. 2020), and the main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from transportation in China (road transport accounted for 84.1%, 2014 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory) (MEEPRC (Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China) 2020). So, it is imperative to collect data on emissions from vehicles, using the emission inspection records, for peak carbon dioxide emissions and ozone governance in the city of Chengdu.
Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 4
Published in Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2020
Karina von Schuckmann, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Neville Smith, Ananda Pascual, Samuel Djavidnia, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Marilaure Grégoire, Glenn Nolan, Signe Aaboe, Enrique Álvarez Fanjul, Lotfi Aouf, Roland Aznar, T. H. Badewien, Arno Behrens, Maristella Berta, Laurent Bertino, Jeremy Blackford, Giorgio Bolzon, Federica Borile, Marine Bretagnon, Robert J.W. Brewin, Donata Canu, Paola Cessi, Stefano Ciavatta, Bertrand Chapron, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Boriana Chtirkova, Stefania Ciliberti, James R. Clark, Emanuela Clementi, Clément Combot, Eric Comerma, Anna Conchon, Giovanni Coppini, Lorenzo Corgnati, Gianpiero Cossarini, Sophie Cravatte, Marta de Alfonso, Clément de Boyer Montégut, Christian De Lera Fernández, Francisco Javier de los Santos, Anna Denvil-Sommer, Álvaro de Pascual Collar, Paulo Alonso Lourenco Dias Nunes, Valeria Di Biagio, Massimiliano Drudi, Owen Embury, Pierpaolo Falco, Odile Fanton d’Andon, Luis Ferrer, David Ford, H. Freund, Manuel García León, Marcos García Sotillo, José María García-Valdecasas, Philippe Garnesson, Gilles Garric, Florent Gasparin, Marion Gehlen, Ana Genua-Olmedo, Gerhard Geyer, Andrea Ghermandi, Simon A. Good, Jérôme Gourrion, Eric Greiner, Annalisa Griffa, Manuel González, Annalisa Griffa, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Stéphane Isoard, John J. Kennedy, Susan Kay, Anton Korosov, Kaari Laanemäe, Peter E. Land, Thomas Lavergne, Paolo Lazzari, Jean-François Legeais, Benedicte Lemieux, Bruno Levier, William Llovel, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Vidar S. Lien, Leonardo Lima, Pablo Lorente, Julien Mader, Marcello G. Magaldi, Ilja Maljutenko, Antoine Mangin, Carlo Mantovani, Veselka Marinova, Simona Masina, Elena Mauri, J. Meyerjürgens, Alexandre Mignot, Robert McEwan, Carlos Mejia, Angélique Melet, Milena Menna, Benoît Meyssignac, Alexis Mouche, Baptiste Mourre, Malte Müller, Giulio Notarstefano, Alejandro Orfila, Silvia Pardo, Elisaveta Peneva, Begoña Pérez-Gómez, Coralie Perruche, Monika Peterlin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Nadia Pinardi, Yves Quilfen, Urmas Raudsepp, Richard Renshaw, Adèle Révelard, Emma Reyes-Reyes, M. Ricker, Pablo Rodríguez-Rubio, Paz Rotllán, Eva Royo Gelabert, Anna Rubio, Inmaculada Ruiz-Parrado, Shubha Sathyendranath, Jun She, Karina von Schuckmann, Cosimo Solidoro, Emil V. Stanev, Joanna Staneva, Andrea Storto, Jian Su, Tayebeh Tajalli Bakhsh, Gavin H. Tilstone, Joaquín Tintoré, Cristina Toledano, Jean Tournadre, Benoit Tranchant, Rivo Uiboupin, Arnaud Valcarcel, Nadezhda Valcheva, Nathalie Verbrugge, Mathieu Vrac, J.-O. Wolff, Enrico Zambianchi, O. Zielinski, Ann-Sofie Zinck, Serena Zunino
When valuing the carbon sink service at the EEZ level, spatial differences appear among the different EEZ as a consequence of the differences in the surface of the different EEZ and due to the spatial variability of the carbon sink ecosystem service, as shown in the maps of Figure 3.3.1. CSES for the Mediterranean EEZ have been calculated for the year 2018, using the data presented in Products used table, as shown in Figure 3.3.3. When computing the ES value at the EEZ level, some countries will be associated with benefits for such service, while others may be located in the areas of negligible fluxes, or assigned a negative value if located along areas, which are mainly outgassing. Although we present here the value flows aggregated at the EEZ level because this is consistent with the country-level National Greenhouse Gas Inventory approach of the UNFCCC (https://unfccc.int/), already in use, the dynamic nature of sea and oceans instead calls for a basin scale governance, collective actions and coordinate responses in order to guarantee the commitment to sustainability goals.