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Habitats and protected species compensations for Alpine underground works: A pilot experience between France and Italy
Published in Daniele Peila, Giulia Viggiani, Tarcisio Celestino, Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art, 2020
E. Luchetti, S. Viat, H. Besançon, P. Grieco, S. Bellingeri
In Italy, Legislative Decree no. 152 of April 3, 2006, as amended, implemented the mandate conferred on the Government by Law no. 308 of 2004 to reorganize, coordinate and integrate environmental legislation. This legislation requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure to be activated in order to obtain the necessary authorizations. The procedure, introduced in Europe by Directive 85/337/EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, is based on the principle of prevention, i.e. the identification and assessment during the design phase of potential impacts produced by human intervention on the environment, meaning by Environment a system consisting of man, flora and fauna, soil, water, air, climate, landscape, material assets and cultural heritage. Specifically, the environmental assessment of projects aims to verify the effects on the components, providing for the maintenance of species and the preservation of the reproductive capacity of the ecosystem, as an important resource for life. To this end, the environmental impact study identifies, describes and evaluates the direct and indirect impacts of the project on fauna and flora, also studying all the measures to mitigate the effects generated by the work and the necessary environmental compensations.
Habitats and protected species compensations for Alpine underground works: A pilot experience between France and Italy
Published in Daniele Peila, Giulia Viggiani, Tarcisio Celestino, Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art, 2019
E. Luchetti, S. Viat, H. Besançon, P. Grieco, S. Bellingeri
In Italy, Legislative Decree no. 152 of April 3, 2006, as amended, implemented the mandate conferred on the Government by Law no. 308 of 2004 to reorganize, coordinate and integrate environmental legislation. This legislation requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure to be activated in order to obtain the necessary authorizations. The procedure, introduced in Europe by Directive 85/337/EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, is based on the principle of prevention, i.e. the identification and assessment during the design phase of potential impacts produced by human intervention on the environment, meaning by Environment a system consisting of man, flora and fauna, soil, water, air, climate, landscape, material assets and cultural heritage. Specifically, the environmental assessment of projects aims to verify the effects on the components, providing for the maintenance of species and the preservation of the reproductive capacity of the ecosystem, as an important resource for life. To this end, the environmental impact study identifies, describes and evaluates the direct and indirect impacts of the project on fauna and flora, also studying all the measures to mitigate the effects generated by the work and the necessary environmental compensations.
Values, Alterations and Degradation of the Natural Landscape
Published in Kimon Hadjibiros, Ecology and Applied Environmental Science, 2013
The total of animal species of a terrestrial or aquatic ecosystem is called fauna. A range of factors has led man—since the Palaeolithic era up until the 20th century—to cause the gradual decrease of the populations and the extinction of more and more species of wild fauna. Vegetation offers food and shelter to most of the terrestrial animal species; thus, the destruction of vegetation or, more generally, of the biotopes, constitutes, as a rule, the most significant degradation factor of the fauna. Actually, extensive deforestation, which continues today in the tropical regions, has caused the extinction of many mammals, birds etc. in Europe, North and South America, Australia, Polynesia and other regions. Great disasters have also been caused by the drainage of wetlands, and generally the changes of land use in favour of agriculture, livestock farming and residential development.
Valorization of industrial siliceous wastes in the production of geopolymers binders
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
Hanane El Harouachi, Mohamed Loutou, Ilyasse Izanzar, Ayoub Bayoussef, Samira Moukannaa, Soundouss Maliki, Amine El Azizi, Mohammed Mansori, Rachid Hakkou, Mohammed Elgettafi
The generation and landfilling of industrial by-products represent several environmental issues, which has become a worldwide concern in the recent decades. The accumulation of very large amounts of industrial waste in nature often has a negative impact on the environment. They can, pollute the groundwater, air, soil, and vegetation (flora and fauna). Wastes from the industrial and urban activities, constitutes a serious problem and a major challenge for society due to their continued accumulation. Among these waste-producing activities, the thermal power plants are globally criticized for generating large quantities of solid wastes often with a potential environmental impact. As a matter of fact, when the coal is combusted, about 10% of the ash is generated, and the efficient use of large quantities of the coal ash becomes a problem (Sheng et al., 2000). The foremost ecological issues of coal/fly/bottom ash impoundments are the physical and aesthetic alterations on the surrounding environment, as well as the enormous footprints of the mining sites left behind. Furthermore, those wastes have a contentious enduring resilience and might require pricey management procedures.
Discussions on “water saving and increase in yield of rice crop through on-farm reservoir: a case study” by Deepak Kumar Soni and K.K. Singh
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
As regard use of OFR for storing runoff/canal water for reuse, it is a very useful method of improving irrigation efficiency and is widely used in Israel where rainfall is scanty. It is also called service tanks which stores rain/canal water in long distance canals. There are occasions where canal water released from distant reservoir may not be drawn by the farmers due to rainfall or other reasons and the canal water can be diverted to these service tanks. Besides the benefits of OFR pointed out by the author in their paper, OFR helps in conservation of canal/rain water and offers some flexibility of operation by farmers to apply irrigation at their convenience. Their location, storage capacity, inflow and outflow control devices are to be very carefully designed (Zimmerman 1966). Other benefits of such FOR/service tanks are: They act as sediment trap and help in controlling water pollution.They help in fish culture and survival of flora and fauna.They can be used for domestic purposes and for drinking water for animals.They offer recreation opportunities for local/rural people living around the service tanks.
Forest fire risk mapping using GIS and remote sensing in two major landscapes of Nepal
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2020
Ashok Parajuli, Ambika Prasad Gautam, Sundar Prasad Sharma, Krishna Bahadur Bhujel, Gagan Sharma, Purna Bahadur Thapa, Bhuwan Singh Bist, Shrijana Poudel
TAL was declared as a transboundary conservation landscape representing Asia's most crucial biodiversity ecoregion of the TeraiDuar Savanna and Grassland (Wikramanayake et al. 2001) CHAL, which includes four WWF Global 200 ecoregions, was identified in 1999 to maintain north-south ecological connectivity (Figure 1). Both landscapes cover nine protected areas and three Ramsar sites from the elevation range from about 100 m in the Terai to over 8,000 m in the Himalaya (WWF Nepal 2017). More than 75% of the forests of the lowland Terai and Churia fall within the TAL boundary, while CHAL covers 38% of the landscape under forest cover (Figure 2). It is the habitat of many endangered and rare flora and fauna. However, most forests are highly fragmented (WWF Nepal 2017). People in these areas are still heavily dependent upon forests and ecosystem services for their livelihoods and wellbeing (GoN/Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation 2016).