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Political and Regulatory Aspects of Energy and Environment
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
European emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU member states. The emission standards are defined in a series of EU directives staging the progressive introduction of increasingly stringent standards.
The environment
Published in Tom Denton, Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2018
European emission standards define the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions of new vehicles sold in EU and EEA member states. The emission standards are defined in a series of European Union directives detailing increasingly stringent standards. The stages are referred to as Euro 1, Euro 2, Euro 3, Euro 4, Euro 5 and Euro 6 for light vehicle standards. For heavy vehicles they are referred to as Euro I, Euro II, Euro III, Euro IV, Euro V, Euro VI.
A bottom-up modeling approach to quantify cold start emissions from urban road traffic
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2023
The Traffic Emission and Energy Consumption Model (QTraffic) is a mesoscopic model that estimates traffic-related emissions and road vehicle fuel/energy consumption presented in previous studies (Dias et al., 2019a; 2019b). This model was developed by University of Coimbra and the current version is based on the updated European guidelines for emission factors (EMEP/EEA, 2019). The hot emissions ( [g]) for each pollutant are quantified following an average speed approach (see Equation (1)). where is the emission factor [g·km−1·vehicle−1] for pollutant and vehicle technology defined as a function of average speed [km·h−1] for each road segment; is the number of vehicles of technology (classification based on European emission standards – Pre-euro to Euro 6); L is the road segment length.