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Mutual Effects of Climate Change and Energy Crops and Their Controls on Biomass and Bioenergy Production
Published in Vladimir Strezov, Hossain M. Anawar, Renewable Energy Systems from Biomass, 2018
Hossain M. Anawar, Vladimir Strezov
The large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are emitted to the atmosphere due to conventional row crop agriculture for both food and fuel. The increased production on agricultural land increases the potential for soil carbon loss and soil acidification due to fertilizer use. The global climate change can be mitigated and nutrient availability to plants can be increased by enhanced weathering (EW) in agricultural soils; this can be accomplished by applying crushed silicate rock as a soil amendment (Kantola et al., 2017). EW in the land producing food and fuel has high potential to sequester carbon (C) and reduces N2O loss through pH buffering, while benefitting crop production and global climate and reducing fossil fuel combustion. However, there exist some uncertainties in the long-term effects and global implications of large-scale efforts to directly manipulate Earth’s atmospheric CO2 composition. The natural chemical weathering of silicate rocks controls and sequesters the atmospheric CO2 on geologic timescales that can be accelerated by applying crushed, fast-weathering basalt or Ca- and Mg-rich silicate rocks to the land surface as EW (Schuiling and Krijgsman, 2006; Moosdorf et al., 2011; Hartmann et al., 2013; Taylor et al., 2016) while reducing N loss, counteracting soil acidification, and supplying nutrients through the by-products of the weathering processes. The 10–15 M km2 of global cropland (FAO, 2012) offers a host of environments for deployment of EW substrates, with a potential return of 200–800 kg sequestered CO2 t−1 basalt (Renforth, 2012).
Using MODFLOW/MT3DMS and electrical resistivity tomography to characterize organic pollutant migration in clay soil layer with a shallow water table
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Chang Gao, Xiujun Guo, Shuai Shao, Jingxin Wu
Figure 8 shows both the simulated and the observed high density resistivity results in the vertical direction. Hydrocarbons produce acids after biodegradation, resulting in the enhanced weathering of minerals in the soil and an increased amount of TDS in the groundwater [29]. Over time, the bulk electrical properties of the pollutants changed from electrically resistant to electrically conductive. We consider regions with resistivity values of less than 15 Ω·m (black dotted line in Figure 8) to be ‘polluted areas’ [28]. The pollutants mainly reside in the middle of the polluted area at depths of 2 − 6 m; the maximum vertical pollution extent is 10 m. Because the resistivity variations in the resistivity profile do not confirm to the standard of the delineation, some errors were introduced into the model that resulted in a slight difference in the simulated and observed horizontal and vertical pollutant diffusion distances.
A bi-level optimization model for technology selection
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2021
Kathleen B. Aviso, Anthony S. F. Chiu, Aristotle T. Ubando, Raymond R. Tan
The six NETs are considered in the case study are bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS), afforestation and reforestation (AR), soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar application (BA), direct air capture (DAC), and enhanced weathering (EW). A more detailed description of these options can be found in a recent review paper by Minx et al. [27]. These NETs are evaluated using four criteria, namely sequestration potential (C1), water footprint (C2), energy demand (C3), and specific cost (C4). A fifth criterion that the leader also considers is public acceptance (C5), which is defined here as the aggregate of the first four criteria based on the follower’s weighting. The leader and follower assign preference weights for these criteria and are shown in Table 1. These weights are exogenous to the model developed here and may be derived using other techniques such as the analytic hierarchy process [8].
How can carbon be stored in the built environment? A review of potential options
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2023
Matti Kuittinen, Caya Zernicke, Simon Slabik, Annette Hafner
Enhanced weathering does not appear to be an effective approach for carbon storage at the level of the built environment. The required time scale for significant storage potentials is lengthy when considering the timely relevance of climate action. In addition, the large land use of free areas, such as forests or cropland, is limited within a densely planned built environment. Moreover, enhanced weathering may require considerable amounts of either external process energy, for example, as in the case of grinding olivine rock into soils (Renforth, Pogge von Strandmann, and Henderson 2015), or ‘supercritical’ conditions in which both temperature and pressure are extremely high (Garcia et al. 2010). Therefore, we rate the applicability as low.