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Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Treat Industrial Wastewaters: Sustainability and Other Recent Challenges
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Sweta Parimita Bera, Günay Yıldız Töre, Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment, 2022
Idil Arslan-Alaton, Fatos Germirli Babuna, Gulen Iskender
Disadvantages of electrocoagulation are that the electrode materials have to be periodically replaced (the sacrificial Al, Fe, SS electrodes); electrical energy requirements and hence operating costs can be high (sometimes > 5 kWh/m3); costs associated with chemical sludge handling; only partial treatment can be achieved (pre-treatment); in some cases an electrolyte (e.g., NaCl) has to be added increasing the salinity; and treatment costs and the possibility to form organochlorines (AOX, RCl) in the effluent during electrochemical treatment, and as shown in Equation 4.1: ()R+Cl−→(R++Cl•−)→RCl Further, upon extension of treatment time and/or applied current density, high sludge volumes are produced especially when Al electrodes are used. The most common and cheapest electrode materials are cast Fe, 304 and 316 grade stainless steel and Al. Fe and SS are preferred electrode materials mainly due to sludge production at relatively lower quantities and relatively low toxicity of released metal ions as compared with Al electrodes (toxic Al release).
Recovery Processes and Utilisation of Valuable Materials from Acid Mine Drainage
Published in Geoffrey S. Simate, Sehliselo Ndlovu, Acid Mine Drainage, 2021
Chen (2004) suggests that the advantages of electrocoagulation include high particulate removal efficiency, compact treatment facility, relatively low cost, and possibility of complete automation. In addition, Vasudevan et al. (2010) state that some of the advantages of electrocoagulation are its generally low cost, reduced sludge production, and is easy to operate. According to Rodriguez et al. (2007), electrocoagulation may prove to be not only feasible and economically friendly, but also technically and economically superior to conventional technology like chemical precipitation.
Current Issues with a Sustainable Approach in the Industrial-Scale Operations of Microalgae
Published in Kalyan Gayen, Tridib Kumar Bhowmick, Sunil K. Maity, Sustainable Downstream Processing of Microalgae for Industrial Application, 2019
Avinash Sinha, Amol Pandharbale, Jigar Rameshbhai Patel
Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical method which involves the interaction of suspended particles in water to electric fields and an electrical-induced oxidation and reduction reaction where sacrificial anodes corrode to release reactive coagulant precursors (such as iron or aluminium or any other metal ion, depending on the type of electrode used), which are basically metal cations, into the solution. At the cathode, gas evolves (usually as hydrogen bubbles) accompanying electrolytic reactions. The metal cations released at the anode mask the negative surface charge on the suspended particles and restrict their ability to repel each other. Once these suspended particles cannot repel, they tend to adhere to each other, and as a result the suspension stability is broken. The destabilization of the stable suspension leads to the aggregation of smaller particles into larger particles, which can no longer remain suspended and settle under the influence of gravity.
Textile dye effluent treatment using advanced sono-electrocoagulation techniques: A Taguchi and particle swarm optimization modeling approach
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
In the present study, the effect of ET on the efficiency of dye removal using electrocoagulation was investigated. Electrocoagulation is a process that involves the anodic and cathodic reactions of electrodes to coagulate and remove contaminants from wastewater. In order to determine the optimum operating time, the electrolysis time was varied from 5 to 25 minutes at 5-minute intervals. The results of the SNR ratio analysis revealed that the removal of dye increased with an increase in the operational time. Specifically, the SNR ratio increased from 35.57 to 39.57 for 5- to 25-minute intervals without any reduction in values. The effect of plot for all factors is shown in Figure 5. The reason for this observed effect can be attributed to the fact that the removal efficiency of dye from an aqueous solution is directly proportional to the amount of cations generated from the aqueous medium. The cations released from the electrode surface have been found to accelerate the dye removal efficiency, as increasing the operation time leads to a greater release of cations (Abdulrazzaq, Al-Sabbagh, and Shanshool 2021). This finding is consistent with the present study, in which an increase in the electrolysis time resulted in a greater removal efficiency of the dye. The contribution of ET to the overall efficiency of the SOEC process was found to be the greatest among the other factors studied, accounting for 64.22% of the variation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optimal ET is an important parameter that can significantly affect the efficiency of the SOEC process, and an increase in the ET can lead to an increase in the removal efficiency of the dye.
Optimization of Mn removal from aqueous solutions through electrocoagulation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Saeideh Omranpour Shahreza, Nader Mokhtarian, Sanaz Behnam
Electrocoagulation has several advantages: It does not need complex equipment and can remove small colloidal particles. The maintenance cost is low and no chemical is used in the process. The treated water is colourless and odourless and the electrocoagulation flocs in comparison with chemical ones can be separated faster by filtration [18]. Furthermore, EC can be integrated with a free radical producing process (such as ozone, advanced oxidation, and ultrasound energy) which generally improve the treatment performance [16].
Optimization of batch electrocoagulation process using Box-Behnken experimental design for the treatment of crude vegetable oil refinery wastewater
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Vijayaraghavan Preethi, Srikrishnaperumal Thanga Ramesh, Rajan Gandhimathi, Puthiya Veetil Nidheesh
Aluminum and iron are commonly used electrode material as they are readily available, cheap and proven effective for electrocoagulation process.[7–10] At sufficiently high anode potential, secondary reactions occur at aluminum anode as given in Equation (4) which aid pollutants removal and in case of iron electrodes no secondary reactions occurs.[11,12]