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Selection of Polymeric Materials for Limited Regions, Referring an Effective Waste-Management
Published in Naim Hamdia Afgan, Maria da Graça Carvalho, New and Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development, 2020
O. Jedicke, C. Herrmann, M. J. Garcia Vargas, E. Pintado Navarro
The birth of a human is the general starting point of being directly connected to, and in contact with synthetic polymeric materials, the whole life. The medical equipment, needed for the birth, the baby-diapers, needed in the following first months, are all made out of very different synthetic polymers. Polyethylene in the outside covering part of the diapers, special Polypropylene in the inside covering part and filler-material, mostly sodium Polyacrylate which forms a gel to absorb the humidity. These are the very first products made out of synthetic polymeric materials, with which humans are directly brought into contact, already in the first hours of their life.
Environmental Hazards and Their Management
Published in Danny D. Reible, Fundamentals of Environmental Engineering, 2017
The use of disposable vs. cloth diapers — Table 2.26 compares the various environmental impacts of disposable and either commercially laundered or home laundered cloth diapers as found by Allen et al. (1992). Note that all impacts are given relative to home laundered cloth diapers and incorporate usage and emission assumptions as given in their analysis. No attempt was made to compare the cost of solid waste vs. energy requirement or air or water wastes. The calculations suggest that with the exception of the solid waste generated, disposable diapers compare favorably to their cloth counterpart in terms of environmental consequences.
Fabrication and characterization of a novel facial mask substrates based on thermoplastic polyester elastomer fibers
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Yi Zhao, Ranran Chen, Ruiyan Ni, Honggang Liu, Juan Li, Chen Huang
According to the earlier limitations of the existing fibers, the potential improvement is, therefore, to find novel fiber candidates that can meet both mechanical and water absorbency demands of facial masks. Sumi (• • •) used fibroin protein form sponge sheet as facial mask that have high water absorbency, retention, high water holding property and softness. Aramwit and Bang (2014) fabricated an ultrafine and extremely pure fiber network structure using nanocellulose gel to form a bioactive facial mask. The super absorption polymers possess absorbing capacities many times more than that of any known absorbent man-made fibers such as Lyocell, viscose, and therefore have great potential as a substitute for traditional cellulose fibers in facial masks. To our knowledge, personal care products, such as baby diapers or feminine hygienic pads, contain super absorbent polymers mostly in powder form embedded in nonwoven structures (Midha, Dakuri, & Midha, 2013). Super absorbent polymers used in the form of fibers, such as thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), are barely reported in the application of facial mask.
The efficiency of dehydrating desiccants by centrifugation: An assessment of superabsorbent polymers
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Alexandra Pine, Cheng Chi Wu, Srivatsan Raghavan, Brian Love
Sanitary products containing SAP are responsible for over one million tonnes of waste each year in the U.K. alone, and much more worldwide.[5] Diaper waste is typically landfilled or incinerated. Residues from SAP waste disposal are also prominent in the waste stream given their resistance to deterioration and high volumes in consumer waste.[6] Recent attempts to recycle SAP involve shredding, pressurization, agitation, and heat which have high energy costs and little recyclable yield.[5] To recycle SAP, it seems necessary to dehydrate the saturated polymer and remove accumulated fluids in the SAP as a first step to reduce the waste volume.
Fiber-on-fiber friction measurement using hanging fiber method
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Azam Alirezazadeh, Mohammad Zarrebini, Mohammad Ghane, Parham Soltani
Arak Petrochemical Company supplied the Moplen Z30S Polypropylene granules. Products such as non-woven fabrics, diapers, medical-sanitary applications, and wipes are made using this polymer. The characteristics of the polymer are presented in Table 1.