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Core Eudicots: Dicotyledons IV
Published in Donald H. Les, Aquatic Dicotyledons of North America, 2017
Salix caprea L. is a nonindigenous shrub or small tree (to 15 m) that is not particularly invasive but occurs occasionally in marshes, meadows, ravines, roadsides, seeps, thickets, woodlands, and along the margins of rivers and streams at elevations of up to 4600 m. It is relatively short lived but can tolerate heavy shade and other fairly harsh growing conditions. It is found on substrates that include mud, rock, rocky loam, and sand. The pH in its native habitat ranges from 5.8 to 7.3. The flowers (produced from March to June) are both insect- and wind pollinated. Overall, they are somewhat better adapted for insect-pollination as a consequence of their greater pollen adhesion relative to more anemophilous willow species. Common insect pollinators are bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Andrena, Apis mellifera, Bombus), and moths (Lepidoptera), which are attracted to the flowers by olfactory and visual cues (e.g., yellow pollen masses). During daylight, bees are attracted by 1, 4-dimethoxybenzene; whereas, at night, moths are attracted by increased emissions of lilac aldehyde. Up to 100% germination has been obtained for seeds placed on sterile Norstog media at 21°C, under a 12/12 h light regime. The roots are colonized by dark septate endophyte fungi. The plants do not survive well in disturbed sites like floodplains, dut to their inability to resprout vegetatively, a factor that also correlates with their difficult artificial propagation. Reported associates (North America):Ailanthus altissima, Cornus, Prunus cerasifera, Rubus bifrons, Salix scouleriana, Typha latifolia.
Multi-Disciplinary Nature of Microbes in Agricultural Research
Published in Gustavo Molina, Zeba Usmani, Minaxi Sharma, Abdelaziz Yasri, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Microbes in Agri-Forestry Biotechnology, 2023
Zengwei Feng, Honghui Zhu, Qing Yao
Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of bacteria and fungi that colonize the internal tissues of plants, including roots, stems, and leaves. However, most studies have focused on endophytes residing within root, such as dark septate endophytes (DSE).
Bioremediation and microbial-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metals by endophytic Fusarium species isolated from Convolvulus arvensis
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2022
Mona M. G. Saad, Mai A. Saad, Bedour S. Saad, Fatma A. Zakaria, Abdel-Rahman A. Husain, Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil
These results are in consonance with previous studies, which reported that endophytic fungi stimulated the plants to produce more biomass, uptake higher amount of Cd2+ in their roots than that of non-inoculated plants, and decrease the translocation of Cd2+ from roots to shoots (Gadd 2007; Alvarenga et al. 2008). Shadmani, Jamali, and Fatemi (2021) found that the inoculation of Hordeum vulgare L. by Microdochium bolleyi (strain B26) increased the amount of Cd2+ in the barley roots by 44%, 27.95%, and 25.18% in soil containing 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg of Cd2+, respectively. However, TF was decreased when increasing the amount of Cd2+ in the soil. Reducing the mobility of heavy metals from roots to shoots of inoculated plants with dark septate endophytes (DSE) endophytic fungus was reported in previous studies. The endophyte (DSE) has a high capacity for metal biosorption giving it the ability to retain HMs within its hyphal cell wall through either chemical bonding or releasing compounds that interact with the available metals (Li et al. 2011; Ban et al. 2017; Khan et al. 2017b).
Dark septate endophytes (DSE): potential bioremedial promoters of oil derivatives
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2022
Fernando J. Ureta Suelgaray, Dafne M. Aguilar Beltramo, Raul S. Lavado, Viviana M. Chiocchio
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) integrate a functional group, mainly Ascomycota, based on the presence of darkly melanized septa. These fungi can produce conidia or remain sterile, they form melanized structures such as hyphae and inter and intracellular microsclerotia in the roots (Rodriguez et al. 2009). Several DSEs have shown tolerance to different stressors, as heavy metal presence in soils, drought conditions, and other abiotic stress (Alberton et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2017; Berthelot et al.2020). Also, DSE have improved plant growth by promoting nutrient absorption and phytohormone biosynthesis (Mandyam and Jumpponen 2008; Newsham 2011). DSE fungi have been found in very stressful habitats, like oil-contaminated environments (Bourdel et al. 2016). However, their association with host plants and their behavior in such environments are less known than for other fungi (Mandyam and Jumpponen 2008). Species like Alternaria sp., Ophiosphaerella agrostidis, Curvularia lunata and Exophiala sp. have been recorded in different sites contaminated with petroleum (Flayyih and AI-Jawhari 2014; Godoy et al. 2016; Mohammadian et al. 2017). Nevertheless, studies on the performance of DSE fungi to remediate soils contaminated with different petroleum compounds are limited. The ability of O. agrostidis to degrade anthracene (Godoy et al. 2016), and the tolerance of A. alternata of hydrocarbons studied under in vitro tests (Hashem 2007; Mohsenzadeh et al. 2012), can be mentioned in that sense.