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Experimental analysis of brick masonry veneer walls under out-of-plane loading
Published in Jan Kubica, Arkadiusz Kwiecień, Łukasz Bednarz, Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry, 2020
A. Martins, G. Vasconcelos, A. Campos-Costa
Brick veneer masonry walls are frequently used as a façade finishing in residential construction in several countries in different parts of the world, namely North America, Australia, England and other European countries due to its aesthetic appearance, durability and its thermal performance. In general, brick veneer walls are separated from an air cavity in relation to a backing system to which it is attached. The backing system can be light wood or steel frames, structural masonry or masonry walls enclosed in rc frames. The backup system is considered as the primary lateral load-resisting system and the brick veneer is considered to be non-structural. The brick veneer walls are attached to the backing system through distinct types of ties, most commonly in steel and can have different shapes and geometry, much dependent on the backing system.
Design and Performance of Walls with SPF
Published in Mark T. Bomberg, Joseph W. Lstiburek, Spray Polyurethane Foam in External Envelopes of Buildings, 2018
Mark T. Bomberg, Joseph W. Lstiburek
The recommendations for this type of wall include: Continuity of the air barrier at the ceiling level is provided by wrapping the SBO membrane on the top plate and overlapping it with the polyethylene at the ceiling Use 1-1/4″ (30 mm) roofing nails for the first layer of fiberboard sheathing and 2-1/2″ (64 mm) long for the second layer.Create compartments by specifying blocking in the cavity (either compressible gasket or pressure treated wood) in corners and at each 6 m (20 ft) interval on the longer walls.Lap and seal the joints in flashing.Check that overhang of brick veneer is no more than 1/3 of the brick.
Experimental study on the mechanical performance of steel ties for brick masonry veneers
Published in Claudio Modena, F. da Porto, M.R. Valluzzi, Brick and Block Masonry, 2016
A. Martins, G. Vasconcelos, A. Campos Costa
Brick veneer masonry is frequently used as a façade finishing in residential construction in several countries in different parts of the world, namely North America, Australia, England and other European countries due to its aesthetic appearance, durability and its thermal potential performance. Typically, brick veneer walls are separated from an air cavity to a backing system to which it is attached, like light wood or steel frame, structural masonry or masonry infill walls in conjunction with reinforced concrete frames. The backup system is considered as the primary lateral load-resisting system and the brick veneer is considered to be non-structural. The brick veneer walls are attached to the backing system through distinct types of ties, generally from steel and having different shapes and geometry, much dependent on the baking system.
Probabilistic constitutive law for masonry veneer wall ties
Published in Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 2022
Imrose B. Muhit, Mark G. Stewart, Mark J. Masia
Usually, brick veneer walls with flexible timber backup comprise of an external brick masonry wall connected to timber studs by a series of corrugated sheet metal ties. The testing of brick-tie-timber subassemblies (the couplet) is more realistic and rational than testing the ties in isolation to characterise the local behaviour of a wall system. Hence, the couplets were constructed with two standard perforated clay bricks (230 mm long × 110 mm wide × 76 mm high), one machine graded pine (MGP10 grade) timber stud (150 mm in length and 90 mm × 35 mm in cross-section), one corrugated Type A light-duty side-fixing stainless steel R4 tie (tie dimensions are given in mm in Figure 1) and general-purpose M3 mortar (1: 1: 6) (cement: lime: sand by volume). Type A is a non-seismic tie, designed primarily for wind loading and is standard across Australian construction due to low seismicity. On the contrary, a Type B tie is used for seismic ductility, commonly used in New Zealand and generally not available in Australia. The material properties of steel (elastic modulus, yield stress, etc.), by which the tie is made of, were neither provided by the manufacturer nor by the AS2699.1 (Standards Australia 2020). However, AS2699.1 refers to ASTM A240 (ASTM A240/A240M-20a 2020) 316 L grade steel as a tie material. Elastic modulus and yield strength of grade 316 L steel are around 193 GPa and 170 MPa, respectively (Atlas Steels 2011).