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Efficient measurement of floating breakwater vibration and controlled vibration parameters using compressive sensing
Published in Selma Ergin, C. Guedes Soares, Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies, 2022
Breakwaters play a crucial role to provide sheltered inshore for safe harbourage and for coastal protection. Rubble mound breakwater and caisson breakwater are well-known types that can be classified as bottom-mounted breakwaters. On the other hand, floating breakwater (FB) becomes popular over the past decades, due to the development of offshore platforms, such as offshore wind turbines and wave energy converters (Cristensen et al., 2018). The areas where the water depth is high, constructing a bottom-mounted breakwater is not practical and requires a huge amount of resources. FB may be an alternative for deep-sea due to its portability and economy. Additionally, according to classical wave theory, the majority of the wave energy is accumulated at the free surface (Dai et al., 2018). This energy inequality between the free surface and the bottom may be problematic for the bottom-mounted breakwater’s resistance to overturning moment. Moreover, these bottom-mounted breakwaters may block water circulation and sediment transportation which may harm the natural balance and lead to environmental pollution (Dai et al., 2018).
Categories and types of flood adaptation measures applicable in the design of public spaces
Published in Maria Matos Silva, Public Spaces for Water, 2019
Breakwaters or wave-breakers are structures constructed on coasts in order to block or attenuate the intensity of waves, currents or longshore drift. In most situations, these structures are used for their distinct infrastructural purpose and encompass no other function. Regardless, there are some examples that were designed with the additional goal to encompass a space for public use. When permitted by the weather and intensity of water dynamics, breakwaters can therefore also serve as viewpoints, pathways or stopovers. This is the case of the breakwaters smoothly designed for Jack Evans Boat Harbour in Australia by Aspect Studios. Other examples include the sculpturally treated breakwaters at Zona de Banys del Fòrum designed by BB+GG Arquitectes or the Barra do Douro Jetty designed by Carlos Prata Arquitecto that will be briefly explored in the next chapter.
The Hard Habitats of Coastal Armoring
Published in Elizabeth Mossop, Sustainable Coastal Design and Planning, 2018
Seawalls refer to shore-parallel structures designed to stop erosion and retreat of the shoreline, limit inundation, and ameliorate wave action (Kraus, 1988) (Figure 23.3a). Seawalls are often vertical walls or steep revetments (embankments), primarily made of concrete, natural stone, riprap, steel, and even treated timbers. They are located at the intertidal zone between marine and terrestrial environments, and many are configured to allow other functions such as boat docking (i.e., as found with bulkhead walls). Breakwaters are coastal structures that protect beaches, harbors, urban shorelines from waves and strong currents (Figure 23.3b) (Nichols and Williams, 2009). They are often linear structures constructed of stone or concrete and can be arranged perpendicular to the shore, or parallel offshore, depending on the criteria of the specific site. Two main classifications of breakwaters exist, those that are vertical in section and those that are mounded or sloped in section. They may also be low-crested (slightly subsurface, or near the surface) or intertidal with parts of the structure exposed during high and low tide. (Note: Sometimes the terms jetty and groin are used interchangeably with breakwater.) Although seawalls and breakwaters are functionally and typologically distinct, both may be similarly modified to improve habitat value utilizing similar principles.
A study on the performance of circular and rectangular submerged breakwaters using nun-uniform FGVT method
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2023
Elham Jafarzadeh, Asghar Bohluly, Abdorreza Kabiri-Samani, Shahriar Mansourzadeh
As a response to human activities or different weather conditions such as storms, coastal erosion results to the deformation process of the coast and loss of on beach bed material. Submerged breakwaters are increasingly employed as a protective structure against beach erosion by reducing the height of incoming waves into smaller transmitted waves. The advantage of submerged breakwaters in coastal management includes protecting beaches, compromising the natural beach view of the sea. An appropriate design of the submerged breakwaters may cause beach restoration by trapping the natural sediments, having lower construction cost compared to the other types of detached breakwaters. Furthermore, submerged breakwaters provide appropriate marine habitats without disturbing local ecosystems. These structures break the waves and dissipate their energy, causing partial wave reflection.t
Hydrodynamics of a free-floating cylinder in front of an orthogonal vertical wall
Published in Ship Technology Research, 2022
Dimitrios N. Konispoliatis, Spyridon A. Mavrakos
Breakwaters are widely used coastal and offshore structures frequently applied in coastal protection, absorbing, diffracting, and reflecting part of the wave energy, reducing the amount of energy that reaches the shoreline. Recently, they have been used as wave energy absorption systems combined with Wave Energy Converters (WECs) operating near and/or on breakwater structures. The reason can be traced back from one site to the anticipated WEC’s improved hydrodynamic properties due to the amplified wave interaction phenomena that occur in front of the breakwater as a result of the scattered and reflected waves enhancement originating from the presence of the vertical wall and, from the other site, to the improved system’s exploitation logistics due to the easier electric transmission to the mainland through the common usage of existing infrastructure (i.e. electrical cable, power transfer equipment etc.).
A study of the impact of plunging waves on the inverted L-shaped breakwater structure based on SPH method
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Zhe Ma, Yefeng Yang, Gangjun Zhai, Jianyu Bao, Hee-Min Teh
In coastal engineering, breakwaters are a type of coastal structure commonly built along seashores to protect ports from incoming waves. Compared with other types of coastal structures, the vertical breakwater with an overhanging horizontal cantilevered slab (named ‘inverted L-shaped’ breakwater in this paper) has the advantage of preventing waves overtopping at the top of the vertical breakwaters due to the presence of a horizontal cantilevered slab (see Figure 1). But under the action of plunging waves, not only will there be violent slamming pressure on the structure, but also it will be under the action of a large wave force for a long time. And the huge slamming pressure often causes serious damage to offshore structures (Paik and Shin 2006). It is shown that the slamming pressure peak in traditional vertical breakwaters generally appears at the still-water level on the vertical wall. However, for the inverted L-shaped breakwater, the jet spray generated by the wave hitting the wall will continue to climb along the wall and impact the horizontal cantilevered slab, so a large slamming pressure near the corner of the breakwater is inconceivable. In that case, the presence of the horizontal cantilevered slab increases the vulnerability of the entire structure against waves impact (Kisacik et al. 2012a.). Therefore, not only do we need to focus on capturing the effect of the wave-front during the impact of the inverted L-shaped breakwater with plunging waves, but also we need to study the structure and make the desired changes to optimise the design of the structure.