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Advances in Marine Skeletal Nanocomposites for Bone Repair
Published in S. M. Sapuan, Y. Nukman, N. A. Abu Osman, R. A. Ilyas, Composites in Biomedical Applications, 2020
Biogenic materials possess excellent biological properties with, in many cases, relatively weak mechanical properties. Materials for orthopedic applications should be strong enough to bear biomechanical stress, which limits most biogenic materials to be used in their natural structures without any modifications. The development of products for load-bearing applications from these materials should carefully consider mimicking closely the structure and property performance requirements of natural bones. This can be achieved by enhancing our deep understanding of the structure–properties relationship, especially in their nanoscale. On the other hand, a single material can never offer the complex structure and optimal properties of natural bones. To achieve the optimal biological, physical, and mechanical properties, researchers have suggested that a combinatorial approach, where a variety of materials are combined to form composites, is beneficial (Sadagopan & Pitchumani, 1997; Asyraf et al., 2020; Ilyas et al., 2020, 2018c, 2018a, 2018b; Ilyas et al., 2019; Ilyas et al., 2019; R.A. Ilyas et al., 2019; Ilyas & Sapuan, 2020; Sanyang et al., 2018). Native bone possesses a nanocomposite structure of mainly hydroxyapatite (HAp) as reinforcement, embedded in the collagen matrix that provides an excellent performance. Marine skeletons have a unique structure similar to natural bones, yet they don't provide all the required properties and performance factors. The combination of these materials with others, either with natural or synthetic, is still necessary to provide vital components for bone repair and regeneration.
Green Smart Environment for Smart Cities
Published in Pradeep Tomar, Gurjit Kaur, Green and Smart Technologies for Smart Cities, 2019
Yaman Parasher, Gurjit Kaur, Pradeep Tomar
Some of the major efforts to control pollution and waste disposal in the anthroposphere come from humans who reside in the biosphere. Thus, it can be concluded that nature and atmospheric activities strongly impact the biosphere and its productivity one wide scale. Like all other spheres, the biosphere plays a key role in achieving sustainability, mainly due to its photosynthesis activity. Despite various essential utilities which the biosphere provides, biogenic material always has the potential to self-produce in a much more sustainable and greener manner than is the case with materials produced by humans.
Advances and Challenges of Bionanotechnology in the Sustainable Management of the Environment and Green Economy
Published in Naveen Dwivedi, Shubha Dwivedi, Bionanotechnology Towards Sustainable Management of Environmental Pollution, 2023
Shubha Dwivedi, Naveen Dwivedi
Bio-prepared nanoparticles appear to be capable of adsorbing toxins from aqueous watercourses and catalyzing the breakdown of organic pollutants into harmless states. Because of their bio-renewable nature, biogenic nanomaterials are sustainable, relatively affordable, can be generated in an energy-efficient way, and are environmentally dependable. They might play important roles in decontamination regimens for drinking and industrial wastewaters (Gautam et al., 2019).
Optimizing protocols for microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) for soil improvement–a review
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Tong Yu, Hanène Souli, Yoan Péchaud, Jean-Marie Fleureau
Biotechnology (including environmental microorganisms, related products-enzymes, biosensors…) has been extensively used in depollution, detection and monitoring of the environment, which has resulted in tremendous advance in soil science and soil remediation. As for geotechnical applications, the majority of traditional soil improvement techniques consume substantial amounts of energy in producing materials and on-site operation, which also gives rise to potential danger (toxic chemicals, massive carbon dioxide emissions) to the environment. Producing concrete accounts for the major source of man-made global CO2 emission (around 6%) (Achal & Mukherjee, 2015). For expanding applications and ecological concerns, researchers have started to find sustainable biogenic alternatives for ground improvement with minimal carbon footprint (Ashraf et al., 2017; Chang et al., 2016).
Plant mediated synthesis of AgNPs and its applications: an overview
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Aswathi Shyam, Smitha Chandran S., Bini George, Sreelekha E.
The use of plant extracts is really favorable, as the collection and storage of the plant parts like stem, bark, and leaves are really easy and also does not cause any harm to the tree itself too. The use of other ecofriendly systems like bacteria and fungi are not prefered much as it requires aspatic conditions that are difficult to maintain and expensive isolation techniques. The plant or plant extract-based synthesis of nanoparticles are found to be more advantageous as they lean to be more safe, need lesser production time and have a lower manufacturing costs when compared to other biological methods . Moreover, the plant-based biosynthesis is a comparatively straight forward process that can be smoothly stepped up for lage scale production of nanoparticles. Hence, the plant-based biogenic synthetic protocols are almost hazard-free, economically viable, and environmentally safe. India has a rich diversity in medicinal plants, traditionally the medicinal plant materials have been used to heal various diseases in India. Most of the traditinally used medicinal plants in India are inexpensive as they are nontoxic and easily available.
In vitro toxicity assessment of fungal-synthesized cadmium sulfide quantum dots using bacteria and seed germination models
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Alexandra Calvo-Olvera, Marcos De Donato-Capote, Héctor Pool, Norma G. Rojas-Avelizapa
On the other hand, it has been reported that QDs synthesized by green methods possess higher compatibility with biological systems, due to the coating of diverse bioactive components that are presented in biological samples used as reducing agents. Biogenic synthesis has certain advantages compared to physical and chemical methods, such as easier synthesis, low-cost, better stability and less pollutant generation.[15] Thus, biosynthesis mediated by plant extracts, bacteria and fungi has emerged as a simple and environmentally friendly method, for the synthesis of functional, stable and biocompatible nanomaterials for biological applications.