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Rehabilitation of bridges after heavy vehicle impacts with the parapet
Published in Hiroshi Yokota, Dan M. Frangopol, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations, 2021
F. Collazos-Arias, D. García-Sánchez
Each deck is a continuous prestressed concrete box-girder. Spans lenght distribution is 72.0 + 120.0 + 72.0 m. Box-girder height varies from 6.00 m on piers to 2.70 m in the mid point of the central span and abutments. Deck’s width is 6.50 m with overhangs of 3.05 m and it was built using the incremental launching method. Piers have hollow wall sections and are made of reinforced concrete and are 33 m high. The abutments are open type and also made of reinforced concrete.
Earthworks
Published in Jonathan Knappett, R. F. Craig, Craig’s Soil Mechanics, 2019
Jonathan Knappett, R. F. Craig
Another problem is the danger of cracking due to differential movements between soil zones, and between the dam and the abutments. The possibility of hydraulic fracturing, particularly within the clay core, should also be considered. Hydraulic fracturing occurs on a plane where the total normal stress is less than the local value of pore water pressure. Following the completion of construction the clay core tends to settle relative to the rest of the embankment due to long-term consolidation; consequently, the core will be partially supported by the rest of the embankment. Thus vertical stress in the core will be reduced and the chances of hydraulic fracture increased. The transfer of stress from the core to the shoulders of the embankment is another example of the arching phenomenon (Section 11.7). Following fracture or cracking, the resulting leakage could lead to serious internal erosion and impair stability.
Design and Construction Challenges of Jointless Bridges in Seismic Regions
Published in Nigel Powers, Dan M. Frangopol, Riadh Al-Mahaidi, Colin Caprani, Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges, 2018
Bijan Khaleghi, W. Phillip Yen
The beginning or ending substructure element of a bridge is commonly referred to as an abutment or end bent. There are numerous variations that are used in further describing these units, such as bench-type, spill-through, stub, deep, etc. For consistency within this report, these units will be collectively referred to as abutments, with only minimal added description of their variation in type.
Structural Health Monitoring for Performance Assessment of Bridges under Flooding and Seismic Actions
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2018
Luke J. Prendergast, Maria P. Limongelli, Naida Ademovic, Andrej Anžlin, Kenneth Gavin, Mariano Zanini
In the case of significant ground shaking, the abutments can also suffer due to excessive settlement. The shear failure of concrete bridge columns occurs at relatively low structural displacements, when the longitudinal reinforcement may not yet have yielded.44 Alternatively, since shear strength degrades with inelastic loading cycles, shear failure can occur after flexural yielding.45