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Short–medium span bridges based on full-scale experimental verifications for long life bridges
Published in Hiroshi Yokota, Dan M. Frangopol, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations, 2021
H.-J. Kim, Y.H. Sung, S.H. Kwon, C.Y. Kim, Y.S. Park
The Korea Long Life Bridge Center uses the criteria for judging aged bridges based on Article 15 (the useful life and amortization rate), Paragraph 3 of the Corporate Tax Act Enforcement Rule. The aging of bridges is defined based on the criteria of “the bridges that have exceeded 30 years of age with Class C safety rating.” These criteria are the re-inspection requirements for precise inspection and precise safety diagnosis stipulated by the Korea Infrastructure Safety Corporation. The standard for facilities that have exceeded 30 years of age is the lower limit of the depreciable legal useful life (30–50 years) of ‘reinforced concrete’ structures. The maximum span of type 2 bridge structures is considered as 50 m, and the standard span is within 80 m, which includes most bridges based on a survey of aged bridges over 30 years old.
Introduction to Concrete Segmental Bridges
Published in Dongzhou Huang, Bo Hu, Concrete Segmental Bridges, 2020
Because of transportation and erection considerations, currently, the maximum length of the precast, prestressed concrete girder bridges normally will not exceed 200 ft. To increase the girder bridge span length, the girder can be divided into several pieces and then post-tensioned together[1-34] (see Fig. 1-45). This type of bridge is called a spliced girder bridge. The cross section of the prestressed girders can be either an I-section or U-section (see Fig. 1-46). The maximum span length of these bridges normally ranges from 200 to 300 ft.
Flexure and Axially Loaded Wood Structures
Published in Ram S. Gupta, Principles of Structural Design, 2020
The span length, L, is taken as the distance from the center of one support to the center of the other support. However, when the provided (furnished) width of a support is more than what is required from the bearing consideration, it is permitted to take the span length as the clear distance between the supports plus one-half of the required bearing width at each end.
Morphological and Geometrical Characterization of Historical Churches of Yucatan, Mexico
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2022
Isis Rodriguez, Graça Vasconcelos, Paulo B. Lourenço
Its structural function is to cover large spans supporting its self-weight and the weight of other elements of normal use on the structure with adequate structural performance and without cracking. The vaults can be of different shape, composed of different materials, and built with different construction methods. Regarding the shape, different typology of vaults can be found, namely barrel vaults with or without transversal arches, ribbed vaults, groin vaults, and sail vaults with and without coffers. Regarding to materials, it could be built with stones, bricks, or perishable materials such as wood. The constructive system is usually associated to the material, being the vault constructed with masonry using bricks or stones, or with a mix-system of wooden logs and masonry.
A Method for Rapidly Deploying Suspended Footbridges
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2021
Edward M. Segal, Laurie Elkowitz, Nicholas Belitsis
As spans increase, structural types such as trusses and beams can increase in weight significantly which makes material handling, transport, and deployment more difficult. Superstructure alternatives such as rope bridges (suspended and suspension) can be extremely lightweight even for long spans. Suspended and suspension footbridges have frequently been built in rural areas by groups such as Helvetas,13 Bridges to Prosperity,14 Bridging the Gap Africa,15 and Toni Rüttiman and his team16–20 to provide access, but these structures are built over the course of weeks or months and are intended to be permanent (i.e. long-term use). Suspension bridges are also constructed by groups like the United States Army for military applications.21 Typical suspended and suspension bridges have rigid decks.13–21 When a more rapid deployment is required to traverse a crossing, members of the United States Army may construct a temporary (i.e. short-term use) one-rope bridge which consists of a single rope that is anchored on both sides of the crossing. To install the rope, one person has to first swim across the waterway to access the far side of the crossing. Once the rope is installed, trained personnel use techniques such as the commando crawl method or the rappel seat method to cross the opening since there is no bridge deck to walk on.22 The suspended bridge that is deployed using the method described in this paper is also intended to be constructed rapidly and for temporary applications, but it includes a flexible deck that does not require specialized techniques to traverse.
Long-span bridges: analysis of trends using a global database
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2020
Colin C. Caprani, James De Maria
Although a very common term, ‘span’ may be interpreted to relate to different dimensional measures of a bridge structure. In this work, we clearly distinguish between bridge span and bridge length. For this work, and in most interpretations, ‘span’ is taken as the distance between two ground support points of a bridge superstructure. The span then of different forms of bridge superstructure thus requires a clear definition, shown in Figure 3, for each bridge type included in the database. Figure 4 depicts the span lengths by region and year of construction in the database.