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Application
Published in Andrew Braham, Sadie Casillas, Fundamentals of Sustainability in Civil Engineering, 2020
Embankment refers to placing and compacting materials to raise the existing grade above the level of surrounding ground surface, usually for a roadway, a railway, or the area under a building pad. Fill refers to placing and compacting material in a depression or hole, or the leveling of an existing site for preparation of a slab on grade foundation. When considering fill under a pavement structure, generally coarser and lower-quality material is placed at the bottom to provide a firm foundation and drainage, while the top portions are well-compacted with high-quality material that can support the structure being constructed directly above. However, fill under a building foundation is not as straight forward. Depending on the depth of the fill, the lower materials may need to be just as highly controlled as the upper materials or the foundation bearing capacity and settlement design will be compromised. Important properties of alternate granular fill materials include gradation, unit weight/specific gravity, moisture-density characteristics (optimal moisture content, maximum dry density), shear strength (cohesion, internal friction), and compressibility (consolidation, settlement). Of these properties, the gradation is the only property that can be influenced, by crushing, screening, or washing.
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations
Published in Hsai-Yang Fang, John L. Daniels, Introductory Geotechnical Engineering, 2017
Hsai-Yang Fang, John L. Daniels
Bearing capacity at compressible fill areas: Many problems exist in connection with foundations on fill and the prospect of weak bearing capacity is one of the major problems. These problems include improper placement of the fill, inadequate compaction, use of unsuitable materials in the fill, and the presence of a compressible soil stratum below the fill. The construction of foundations on fill is an acceptable practice provided that the material, placement, and compaction of the fill are under engineering control and that no compressible soils exist under the fill. The presence of a soft compressible soil stratum at a certain depth below a structure is sometimes unnoticed during the design and construction stages. After completion of the structure, long-term settlement of the foundation will occur due to the slow consolidation process of the compressible layer. In such cases, consolidation data from the soft soil must be evaluated.
Application: Geotechnical Sustainability
Published in Andrew Braham, Fundamentals of Sustainability in Civil Engineering, 2017
Embankment refers to placing and compacting material to raise the existing grade above the level of existing surrounding ground surface, usually for a roadway, a railway, or the area under a building pad. Fill refers to placing and compacting material in a depression or hole, or the leveling of an existing site for preparation of a slab on grade foundation. When considering fill under a pavement structure, generally coarser and lower-quality material is placed at the bottom to provide a firm foundation and drainage, while the top portions are well-compacted, high-quality material that can support the structure being constructed directly above. However, fill under a building foundation is not as straightforward. Depending on the depth of the fill, the lower materials may need to be just as highly controlled as the upper materials or the foundation-bearing capacity and settlement design will be compromised. Important properties of alternate granular fill materials include gradation, unit weight/specific gravity, moisture-density characteristics (optimal moisture content, maximum dry density), shear strength (cohesion, internal friction), and compressibility (consolidation, settlement). Of these properties, the gradation is the only property that can be influenced, by crushing, screening, or washing.
Monitoring of an instrumented geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankment with a triangular pile configuration
Published in International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2023
Van Duc Nguyen, Qiang Luo, Tengfei Wang, Liang Zhang, You Zhan, Tri Phuong Nguyen
The soil compaction by roller is performed during staged fill placement to provide a strong working platform. Due to friction and interlocking between fill particles, residual deformation [29] has been generated and residual stress [30] is therefore existing in fill materials. The mobilization of residual stress explains the phenomenon that the pressure on the subsoil and pile caps approach approximately 40 kPa (much higher than expected) at 1 m of fill height. Once the fill heigh exceeded 1 m, the increase in vertical stress relates mostly to fill placement rather than interlocking. The interlocking between fill particles is gradually mitigated, resulting in that the value of pressure on the subsoil reduces.
Collapse behaviour of compacted red soil
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018
Amiya Prakash Das, T. Thyagaraj
Residual red soils are extensively used as construction materials in geotechnical engineering applications such as highway embankments, earth dams and in several geoenvironmental engineering applications such as landfills and brine ponds. However, these compacted fills are susceptible to wetting-induced collapse and often trigger failures upon wetting due to differential settlements, piping, etc. (Barden et al.1973; Wheeler 1994). Due to their extensive use in the construction industry, it becomes imperative to study the wetting-induced collapse behaviour of compacted red soils.