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Batteries and Capacitors as Energy Storage Devices
Published in S. Bobby Rauf, Electrical Engineering Fundamentals, 2020
VRLA Battery: The acronym VRLA stands for valve-regulated lead–acid battery The VRLA battery is also known as a sealed lead acid (SLA) battery or the maintenance-free battery. Even though the VRLA batteries do not require constant maintenance, their characterization as “Maintenance Free” is somewhat of a misnomer. The VRLA batteries still require cleaning and regular functional testing. The VRLA batteries are widely used in large portable electrical devices and off-grid power systems, where large amounts of storage are needed. The VRLA batteries, in such applications, in some cases, offer a lower cost alternative as compared to the Li–ion batteries. As implicit from its classification in the secondary battery category, the VRLA or SLA battery is rechargeable. The VRLA or SLA batteries can be sub-classified further as: Sealed VR wet cell batteriesAGM batteriesGel batteries
Storage Batteries
Published in Robert E. Henry, Models for Design, 2017
The specific heat of a pound of water is 1.000 Btu/lb °F. This is equal to 0.5274 W-h/lb °C. Specific heat is relative to a pound of water. As stated before, a valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) battery cell is dry inside its container. Each cell contains lead plates separated by electrolyte structures consisting of fiberglass mats soaked in the sulfuric acid electrolyte. Every other plate is connected to either the positive or the negative terminal of the cell. Two to six cells are packaged in a module. Modules of this type are usually stacked vertically to make up the battery. The terminals are on each module’s side. A module’s structure is suitable for stacking.
Electric Vehicles
Published in Arumugam S. Ramadhas, Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016
Nallusamy Nallusamy, Paramasivam Sakthivel, Abhijeet Chausalkar, Arumugam Sakunthalai Ramadhas
The major breakthrough came with valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries that allow fast charging typically 50% in 5 minutes and 80% in 15 minutes. This is done using computers to control the charging rate while monitoring the battery temperature and internal resistance. These batteries have pressure relief valves, which will activate when the battery is recharged with high voltage. The charging characteristics of a typical VRLA battery charged to an interactive pulsed current/constant voltage algorithm are one second bursts of high current with a ten millisecond pause between each pulse to measure internal resistance.
Smart Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles – A Review
Published in Smart Science, 2019
G. Udhaya Sankar, C. Ganesa Moorthy, G. RajKumar
However, the lithium ion battery with a superconductor gives much more benefits during charge acceptance and discharging than a VRLA battery with a supercapacitor. Thus, lithium ion battery with supercapacitor system has a higher efficiency due to lower Warburg impedance value. The battery management systems importance is also highlighted. The study of batteries management systems is required for current levelling and regenerative braking.