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Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Turpentine. Turpentine is a mixture of substances called terpenes, primarily pinene. Gum turpentine is extracted from pine pitch, wood turpentine from wood chips. Inhalation of vapor and percutaneous absorption of liquid are the usual paths of occupational exposure. High vapor concentrations are irritating to the eyes, nose, and bronchi. Aspiration of liquid may cause direct lung irritation resulting in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Turpentine liquid may produce allergic contact dermatitis. The incidence of sensitization varies with the type of pine, being generally higher with European than American pines. Limonene is a terpene used as a solvent for art paints that also causes allergic contact dermatitis. Eczema from turpentine is quite common and has been attributed to the auto-oxidation products of the terpenes (formic acid, formaldehyde, and phenols). Liquid turpentine splashed in the eyes may cause corneal burns and demands emergency treatment.
Conifer Resins and Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Applications
Published in Tatjana Stevanovic, Chemistry of Lignocellulosics: Current Trends, 2018
Nellie Francezon, Tatjana Stevanovic
Because of its high content of a limited number of compounds, turpentine is currently regarded as a raw material for the chemical industry. It provides precursor molecules for the production of plastics, adhesives, paints, flavors and fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Pinenes are by far the most important of them. α-pinene is a starting molecule in the synthesis of a number of molecules, among which borneol, camphor and terpineols. For example, α-terpineol which is lilac scented and is popular as a fragrance material, is obtained by hydration of α-pinene. The isomers α- and β-pinene can be transformed into limonene, which is widely used for perfuming household products. They are also the starting material for producing linalool, a sweet flowery scented compound. Most perfumery-grade synthetic linalool is derived from pinenes, but linalool is also an intermediate in the manufacture of artificial vitamin E.
Toxicology
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Turpentine is a mixture of substances called terpenes, primarily pinene. Gum turpentine is extracted from pine pitch, wood turpentine from wood chips. Inhalation of vapor and percutaneous absorption of liquid are the usual paths of occupational exposure. High vapor concentrations are irritating to the eyes, nose, and bronchi. Aspiration of liquid may cause direct lung irritation resulting in pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Turpentine liquid may produce allergic contact dermatitis. The incidence of sensitization varies with the type of pine, being generally higher with European than American pines. Limonene is a terpene used as a solvent for art paints that also causes allergic contact dermatitis. Eczema from turpentine is quite common and has been attributed to the auto-oxidation products of the terpenes (formic acid, formaldehyde, and phenols). Liquid turpentine splashed in the eyes may cause corneal burns and demands emergency treatment.
An investigation into the effect of various parameters on oil agglomeration process of coal fines
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2023
Pradeep Kumar Mohanty, Singam Jayanthu, Saswati Chakladar, Sanchita Chakravarty
Castor oil and turpentine oil in various proportions was used in this study. Both the oils were brought from nearby authorized sources. No chemical or physical alternation was done while using both the oils during the experiment. Castor oil is consisted of 90% ricinoleic and remaining 10% is typically a mixture of other fatty acids. Physical properties indicate that it has viscosity (centistokes): 889.3, density (g/mL): 0.959, flash point (°C): 145 and melting point (°C): −2 to − 5 (Patel et al. 2016). Turpentine oil is composed of terpene hydrocarbons primarily α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene. It is odorous, flammable, and insoluble in water. The melting point of turpentine oil is − 55°C and the boiling point is 154°C (Saeidnia 2014). For the purpose of pH alterations, acid and alkali were brought from Rankem, India. Throughout the agglomeration experiments, tap water of pH ~ 7.5 was used as the suspending media.
Turpentine oil: a novel and natural bridging liquid for agglomeration of coal fines of high ash coals
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Saswati Chakladar, Riya Banerjee, Ashok Mohanty, Sanchita Chakravarty, Prasanjeet Kumar Patar
Turpentine oil has gained considerable interest in recent times due to its potential as industrial solvent. It is often used as a thinner for paints and varnishes (Alma and Salan 2017). Due to its antiseptic properties, turpentine oil possesses medicinal applications as well. In nutshell, we envisioned this oil to be suitable for coal agglomeration for being nonedible and economically advantageous.