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Aldehydes and Ketones. Acyl Addition Reactions
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
Triphenylphosphine is Ph3P. What is the product when triphenylphosphine reacts with iodomethane?
Organometallic Chemistry in Industrial Vitamin A and Vitamin E Synthesis
Published in Mike G. Scaros, Michael L. Prunier, Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2017
The addition reaction is driven very selectively by using an aqueous soluble catalyst, based on a rhodium salt and a sulfonated phosphine, especially tris (m-sulfophenyl)-phosphine trisodium salt (TPPTS). This phosphine, easily obtained by sulfonation of triphenylphosphine, is very soluble in water (~1000 g/l at 20 °C). The reaction proceeds in a biphasic liquid/liquid system where conversion is regulated by stirring time. The organic products are easily separated by simple separation and the aqueous phase containing the catalyst can be recycled.
Isostearic Acids
Published in Brajendra K. Sharma, Girma Biresaw, Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants, 2016
Helen Ngo, Robert O. Dunn, Winnie C. Yee
A breakthrough in the isomerization process to significantly boost isostearic acid yields using a modified zeolite ferrierite–Lewis base combination method was reported in 2012 and 2014 [41,42]. A zeolite–base isomerization method was developed that maximizes isostearic acid production and minimizes the bimolecular reactions that produce oligomeric (Scheme 4.3, 6) and other by-products (stearic acid [Scheme 4.3, 3], branched- and linear-chain lactones [Scheme 4.3, 4 and 5]) [41,42]. This process involves application of a combination of protonated ferrierite zeolite (H+-ferrierite) catalyst and Lewis base (i.e., triphenylphosphine). Ferrierite is commercially available and was previously used in the skeletal isomerization of butene to isobutene [44–46]. It is found to be an excellent catalyst for isomerization because its acidified form possesses strong acidic sites, providing high activity in the skeletal isomerization of fatty acids. Its interconnected open channels help facilitate the transport of the lipid reactants and products. Triphenylphosphine is used to deactivate (i.e., poison) the active acidic sites on the external surfaces of zeolite particles to suppress dimer acid formation, thereby limiting the bimolecular reactions to the interstitial acidic sites of the zeolite catalyst channels.
Mononuclear copper(I) complexes with triphenylphosphine and N,N′-disubstituted thioureas: synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Syed Ishtiaq Khan, Inayat Ali Khan, Amin Badshah, Fouzia Perveen Malik, Saira Tabassum, Ikram Ullah, Davit Zargarian, Muhammad Khawar Rauf
A series of copper(I) complexes with N,N′-disubstituted thiourea ligands have been screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity in several human cancer cell lines (A498, EVSAT, H226, IGROV, M19, MCF-7, and WiDr), showing a moderate cytotoxicity which is comparable to that of cisplatin and etoposide [20]. The N-(alkyl/aryl)-N′-acylthiourea and the N-di(alkyl/aryl)-N′-acylthiourea act as the versatile ligands and they can coordinate through the S, N, and oxygen atom [21, 22]. The thiourea can exhibit monodentate behavior with various transition metals ions such as Ag(I) [23], Au(I) [24], Pt(II) [25], Hg(II) [26], and Cu(I) [27]. Triphenylphosphine is widely used in the synthesis of complexes due to its reducing properties and nucleophilic character. In the present work, we have used triphenylphosphine as supporting ligand along with thiourea as the main ligand.