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Advanced manufacturing and high-quality materials
Published in Natalia Yakovleva, Edmund Nickless, Routledge Handbook of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development, 2022
Kazuyo Matsubae, Eiji Yamasue, Hisao Ohtake
The elemental phosphorus produced by the process explained above is used as a starting material for the manufacture of various final products. For instance, elemental phosphorus is oxidized to produce thermal phosphoric acid which is used for the manufacture of high-quality phosphate salts and phosphate esters. Elemental phosphorus is also reacted with chlorine to form phosphorus chlorides, such as phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride, and phosphorus oxychloride. Further, the allotropic modification of elemental phosphorus produces red phosphorus. These products are used as food additives, in the production of flame retardants, as plasticizers, as electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries, and as agents for plating, etching, and surface treatments.
Extraction of lanthanides(III) from Perchlorate Solutions with Carbamoyl- and Phosphorylmethoxymethylphosphine Oxides and Tetrabutyldiglycolamide
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2019
A. N. Turanov, V. K. Karandashev, A. V. Kharlamov, N. A. Bondarenko, V. A. Khvostikov
N,N,N’,N’-Tetrabutyldiglycolamide (TBDGA) was synthesized by the reaction of tris(N,N-dibutylamido)phosphite with diglycol acid according to the known method[30], firstly used here for this compound. To a stirring mixture of Bu2NH (9.2 g, 71.4 mmol) and Et3N (7.2 g, 71.4 mmol) in 25 mL dry toluene phosphorus trichloride (2.8 g, 20.1 mmol) in 30 mL toluene was added dropwise at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 45–50°C for 3 h, and diglycol acid (5.0 g, 27.5 mmol) was added by four portions at 50–60°С. The stirred mixture was refluxed for 4 h, diluted with 40 mL H2O and 15 mL CHCl3. Organic layer was separated, aqueous layer extracted with CHCl3 (2 × 20 mL). Combined extract successively washed with H2O (40 mL), saturated solution of NaHCO3 (2 × 20 mL), H2O (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The pale yellow oil crude product (7.2 g, 73%) was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate – methanol, 20:1) over silica gel 130–270 mesh (Aldrich). Yield 6.1 g (62%) product as colorless oil.
Binding of Divalent Transition Metal Ions to Immobilized Phosphinic Acid Ligands. Part I. Characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2021
Spiro D. Alexandratos, Xiaoping Zhu, Mateusz R. Marianski
Polystyrene beads (10.0 g) were swelled in 100 mL of phosphorus trichloride for 1 hour in a 500 mL round-bottom flask fitted with a condenser, overhead stirrer and gas inlet tube and then anhydrous aluminum chloride added slowly over a period of 30 min as a powder through an addition funnel. The mixture was stirred at 23°C for 17 h with a gentle nitrogen sweep. Hydrolysis was done by adding water dropwise with the flask in an ice bath. The product beads were further treated with 100 mL 6.0 M HCl, washed to neutral with water, and then conditioned with 1 L of each 4% NaOH, H2O, 4% HCl and H2O.