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Energy Materials and Energy Harvesting
Published in Chander Prakash, Sunpreet Singh, J. Paulo Davim, Functional and Smart Materials, 2020
K.S. Smaran, S.G. Patnaik, V. Raman, N. Matsumi
The AC-AC converters boost the output current at the cost of the output voltage. Similarly the AC-DC converters covert the AC to DC signal for the energy storage devices. This is followed by temporary energy storage in capacitors or inductors which is further connected to long-term energy storage systems or to user terminals. However, as different battery chemistries allow different rate and extent of charging, it is essential for the BMSs (battery management systems) to prevent overcharging or over-discharging which might affect the health of such devices. In modern day BMS, it is usually done by monitoring the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries. Ease of monitoring the SOC in a given battery chemistry is thus one of the important criteria for the utilization of a given device setup.
Advanced SOC Estimation of Lead-Acid Battery for HEM Application
Published in P. C. Thomas, Vishal John Mathai, Geevarghese Titus, Emerging Technologies for Sustainability, 2020
Saira Philip, Liss Abraham Maret, Heinz Varghese Maymana, Herma Mariam Jacob, Shameer Asharaf, Rani Chacko
State of Charge or SOC can be defined as the percentage of the full capacity of a battery that is still available for further discharge or as the ratio of the available capacity of a cell to its maximum attainable capacity. In the SOC estimation technique using Coulomb counting charging/discharging current is taken as the input. Generally previous SOC is initialized as 100% for the first cycle of Coulomb counting. The SOC estimation using Coulomb counting is done by: ()SOC (t) = SOC (t−1)+∫I(t) dt/Cn
Batteries
Published in Tom Denton, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2020
State of charge (SOC) is a measure of the amount of energy left in a battery compared with the energy it had when it was full. It gives the driver an indication of how much longer a battery will continue to work before it needs recharging. It is considered as a measure of the short-term capability of a battery.
Design and development of three-phase EV charger based on the integration of voltage-oriented pulse width modulation control and water cycle algorithm fractional-order PI controller
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
Rheesabh Dwivedi, Sanjeev Singh, Bhim Singh
A full-bridge dc-dc converter is controlled in the second stage via phase shift control. Initially, full-bridge converter circuits with high-frequency transformers are used, while the next stage uses high-frequency rectifier circuits with low-pass filters to convert AC to DC. The output inductor provides constant current, while the filter capacitor reduces output ripple voltage. State of Charge (SOC) is defined as the ratio of charged stored in the battery to nominal capacity . The manufacturer specifies the nominal capacity, which is the maximum amount of charge that can be held in the battery.
Electric, Thermal and Cooling Energy Management of a Microgrid Incorporating Renewable Energy Hub
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
It is difficult to have a suitable model of PEV in order to evaluate its performance. The PEV model is intricate as it comprises various components. The PEV connecting mode will give the information about PEV whether it is connected as charging mode or discharging mode. The state of charge (SOC) is a percentage assessment of the amount of energy available in a battery at a given time. The SOC indicates how much longer the battery can last before needing to be charged or replaced. If PEV’s battery SOC value is higher than the specified value, it connects to discharging mode else connects to charging mode. In discharging mode, PEV connects to grid also called as V2G. In charging mode, PEV’s battery charges from grid also called as G2V. SOC data is the input given to the SOC control and plug state data is the input given to both the control circuits in order to control charging time and discharging time. Charging mode values attained from the charger control are taken as input charging values to the SOC control circuit. The percentage SOC which is the output of SOC is taken as input to the charging control circuit.
An improved particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machine-unscented Kalman filtering algorithm on SOC estimation of lithium-ion battery
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Yifei Zhou, Shunli Wang, Yanxin Xie, Tao Zhu, Carlos Fernandez
Due to the extended cycle life, lack of memory while charging, and lack of pollutants during production and recycling, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively utilized in new energy electric vehicles (EVs) and lithium battery technology. Although LIBs have many advantages, they can also have disadvantages, such as their electrochemical nature being active and the side reactions during charging and discharging tend to heat up and generate heat, so there are certain safety risks (Nizam et al. 2020). Hence, to operate an electrical system, a safe battery management system (BMS) is required (Gabbar, Othman, and Abdussami 2021). The BMS may offer the driver dynamic control over the energy storage system together with precise battery operating status information. One of the most crucial battery management system indications is state of charge (SOC), and proper calculation of SOC may increase the battery’s utilization and extend its useable life. Because of the acquisition equipment’s precision problem and outside variables like load, voltage, temperature, etc., it is challenging to establish a precise model to estimate SOC. It is significant to construct a trustworthy and precise model in order to estimate SOC for EV security and stability.