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Elimination Reactions
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
Sodium amide (NaNH2) is a very strong base. The most likely reaction is an E2, but there are two bromine atoms. The initial product of the reaction of 1,2-dibromopentane and sodium amide in ammonia is a vinyl halide, 1-bromopent-1-ene, which is derived from an E2 reaction to produce the more stable alkene.
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Published in Rick Houghton, William Bennett, Emergency Characterization of Unknown Materials, 2020
Rick Houghton, William Bennett
In this first group, the usual peroxide test will only work for isopropyl ether. A concentration of less than 80 ppm is considered safe. If any of these substances are suspected, even though a peroxide test strip is negative, other characteristics can be observed, such as crystal formation or gelling. Consult an MSDS or manufacturer before opening a container if one of these compounds is suspected. If a sample has already been obtained, further tests suggested below may be performed on small amounts. These materials will present observable characteristics in contact with water that identify hazards or suggest further simple testing: Sodium amide: Reacts violently with water to produce ammonia and sodium hydroxide (vapor and solution will be strongly basic).Potassium amide: Similar to sodium amide.Vinylidene chloride: Insoluble and heavier than water liquid that is volatile and flammable. Vapors will be positive with a Beilstein test or extremely diluted with a refrigerant detector (use a very diluted air sample) and combustion products will be acidic (pH strip). To perform the Beilstein test, place a small copper wire in a torch flame until it does not discolor the flame. Introduce sample vapors to the air inlet of the torch. Iodine, bromine or, most likely, chlorine are indicated if the flame turns green or blue. The Beilstein test yields false-positive with acids and some nitrogen compounds (e.g., urea).Isopropyl ether: Moderately volatile, water-insoluble, flammable liquid similar in appearance to acetone (peroxide test strip will detect peroxides formed by isopropyl ether).Potassium metal: Will slowly form a yellow-orange crust of peroxide (shock sensitive) upon exposure to air. Potassium metal will react violently with water to leave basic potassium hydroxide solution (pH strip) and will produce hydrogen gas that will self-ignite and burn with an invisible flame; however, potassium contaminant in the hydrogen flame can produce a light purple flame.Butadiene: Stored in a cylinder as a flammable liquefied gas that can form spontaneously combustible peroxides if exposed to air (this gas may burn spontaneously if exposed to air or the container may explode spontaneously if air is introduced to the pressurized container).Divinyl ether: Hazardous characteristics similar to butadiene.Divinyl acetylene: Hazardous characteristics similar to butadiene.
Synthesis and crystal structures of new sodium phenolate compounds: coordination chemistry
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Pascal I. Binda, Brittany R. Hill, Brian W. Skelton
Four new sodium complexes of phenolate and bisphenolate ligands have been synthesized using acid-base reactions. The readily prepared H2LII ligand was deprotonated with two equivalents of sodium hydride in THF to afford [Na2LII] (1) (see Scheme 1), while [NaL]2 (2) was synthesized from equimolar reaction of HL and NaN(SiMe3)2 in hexanes (see Experimental section). Similar to the synthesis of 2, [Na2LI] (3) was obtained from a reaction of two equivalents of sodium amide, NaN(SiMe3)2, with one equivalent of the free phenolic ligand H2LI (see Scheme 1). During one particular synthesis of 3, single crystals of [Na2(HLI)2] (4) were obtained where the phenolate ligand is monoanionic instead of dianionic. This probably results from the fact that the NaN(SiMe3)2 base may not deprotonate all the weakly acidic protons of the aliphatic alcohol.
NCQDs active sites as effective collectors of charge carriers towards enhanced photocatalytic activity of porous Co3O4
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Xiaoxu Zhao, Yueqin Liu, Jianfeng Guo, Na Chang, Haitao Wang
Tetracycline (TC), Benzoquinone (BQ), tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH), triethanolamine (TEOA) Ethanol (C2H5OH, 95.0%), urea (CH4N2O), CoCl2·6H2O, CCl4 and sodium amide (NaNH2) were obtained from Aladdin.