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Organic Chemistry
Published in Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo, Rapid Review of Chemistry for the Life Sciences and Engineering, 2021
Armen S. Casparian, Gergely Sirokman, Ann O. Omollo
Alkynes are hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond. They have the general formula CnH2n−2 where n is a positive integer, greater than 1. Alkynes are said to be unsaturated hydrocarbons as up to four hydrogen atoms can be added across a triple bond in a chemical reaction.
Aldehydes and Ketones. Acyl Addition Reactions
Published in Michael B. Smith, A Q&A Approach to Organic Chemistry, 2020
The hydrogen atom of a terminal alkyne is acidic with a pKa of about 25. When reacted with a strong base, such as NaNH2 or butyllithium, a terminal alkyne reacts to form an alkyne anion. Examples are the reaction of prop-1-yne with NaNH2 to give prop-1-yne sodium salt, and the reaction of hex-1-yne with butyllithium to give hex-1-yne lithium salt.
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Published in G. Mattney Cole, Assessment and Remediation of Petroleum Contaminated Sites, 2018
A second type of unsaturation arises when there is a triple bond between carbons (Figure III–9). The prototype for this family is acetylene, widely used as a welding gas and in polymer manufacture. The family of hydrocarbons containing one or more triple bonds are called acetylenic hydrocarbons or alkynes. Alkynes are generally very reactive and do not occur in nature. This family of hydrocarbons has great economic importance throughout the petrochemical industry, but is not significant in gasoline or in remedial activities.
Zwitterionic π-coordination compounds of copper(I) with monosubstituted alkynes: synthesis, crystal and electronic structure of two copper(I) halide π-complexes with 4-amino-1-propargylpyridinium
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
G. V. Noshchenko, B. M. Mykhalichko, V. V. Kinzhybalo
The Cu(I) polyhedron geometric parameters in 1 and 2 determined by the efficient Cu(I)–(C≡C) interaction are in agreement with the hypothesis that during π-coordination two degenerate π-MOs of the C≡C of alkyne are split into two MOs (πǁ and π⊥) with different energy levels. Owing to the C≡C bond activation, the alkyne becomes more reactive. The synergism of the [(C≡C)→Cu(I)]σ and [Cu(I)→(C≡C)]π components of the Cu(I)–(C≡C) bond results in split of the 3d-AOs of the π-coordinated Cu ion onto five energy levels (dyz < < dxz < dxy < ).