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Machining by Advanced Ceramics Tools
Published in Kishor Kumar Gajrani, Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar, Advances in Sustainable Machining and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
P. Kour, S. K. Pradhan, Amit Kumar, Manoranjan Kar
Combustion synthesis (CS), or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), belongs to the self-sustained combustion process, producing nearly precious material and compounds. SHS includes reactions of compounds, self-sustained reactions, elemental powders synthesis, porous combustion, and gaseous oxidizer in solid reactive media, and termite-type reactions are applied for the SHS of advanced materials [56]. Organic or inorganic compounds undergo a combustion reaction process in SHS [57]. Compressed powders are ignited either in an inert atmosphere or in an air-producing chemical reaction so that enough heat energy is released for a self-sustaining reaction [58]. It is associated with some major shortcomings, such as alkali cations, corrosion by water vapor, low electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties that are uneven in oxidation. SHS process is relatively simple and requires small energy. A high-quality product can be produced by this process. Among other noncontact methods, the SHS process is more favorable [59].
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Published in Anthony Peter Gordon Shaw, Thermitic Thermodynamics, 2020
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, also known by the acronym SHS, is a type of combustion synthesis that has been used to prepare a multitude of useful inorganic materials such as borides, silicides, carbides, nitrides, chalcogenides (sulfides, selenides, and tellurides), and a variety of intermetallic compounds, solid solutions, and composites [38–40]. These sorts of exothermic reactions are self-sustaining once initiated and involve at least one reactant that is initially solid. Molten or gaseous phases may exist transiently, during these reactions, but the final products are typically solids. Whenever a self-sustaining thermitic reaction is used to synthesize a specific material, the process could be considered a “self-propagating high-temperature synthesis,” although this terminology was not proposed until at least sixty-five years after Hans Goldschmidt began using the term “THERMIT” as a trademark (see Chapter 1). While it is difficult to say exactly who invented SHS, the studies undertaken and supervised by the late Russian scientist Alexander Merzhanov in the 1960s and 1970s were certainly pivotal.
Recent Advances in the Design of Nanocomposite Materials via Laser Techniques for Biomedical Applications
Published in Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 2019
Monireh Ganjali, Mansoureh Ganjali, Somayeh Asgharpour, Parisa Vahdatkhah
Recently, combining milling and SHS process has led to faster and better combustion processes (Gras et al. 2001). It is important to mention that the SHS itself imposing very high temperatures (although in short time) usually does not have the ability to develop compounds with nanostructures and should be combined with mechanical activation methods (MASHS)1 as an auxiliary procedure. It is well recognized that a combustion based technique as Self propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) is an effective energy and time saving method for synthesis of a variety of advanced materials (Yang and Riehemann 2001). Various types of laser as igniter were utilized such as Neodymium-doped glass laser, ruby laser, cesium bromide laser (Barzykin 1992), diode laser (Biffi et al. 2017), pulsed and continuous wave CO2 laser (Volpi et al. 1998, Chen et al. 2002, Farley et al. 2011, Masanta et al. 2016). By using laser beam as igniter, the process is more controllable (Gras et al. 2001).
Influence of CaF2 on the preparation of ZnO via SHS method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Qiyu Wang, Chu Zhang, Hui Zhang, Guodong Zhang
Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), also called combustion synthesis (CS), is an environmentally friendly method for materials synthesis basing on heat released from thermit reaction to sustain the reaction itself to obtain expected materials from the final products.[12] With inexpensive experimental devices, short reaction period and low energy consumption, SHS is expected to be a promising method to synthesize inorganic materials in large scale.[13] In our previous work, high-purity ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized via SHS method.[14] Herein, we made a try to increase the yield of the products by two means. One is to improve the experimental device and the other is to introduce additive CaF2. The property of the as-prepared ZnO was studied and possible mechanisms of the influence of CaF2 on products were discussed.
Sialon from synthesis to applications: an overview
Published in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2021
Ahmed A. M. El-Amir, A. A. El-Maddah, Emad M. M. Ewais, Said M. El-Sheikh, Ibrahim M.I. Bayoumi, Y.M.Z. Ahmed
Combustion process or self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is a wet-chemical synthesis method in which repeated heating and further calcinations of materials are not required. This method is an exothermic reaction that occurs by evolution of light and heat, which leads to crystallization and formation of phosphor materials. This method is time-saving and energy-efficient process for synthesizing various industrial ceramic materials. It is a self-sustaining process that exploits the heat evolved from the continuous exothermic reaction. That is why, no external energy or heat is demanded, apart from the ignition energy. This combustion technique required a mixture of fuel and oxidizers that ignited to start the combustion [56]. This method is a good alternative to the conventional sintering methods, owing to its potential advantages including (1) short sintering time, (2) high purity of the final sialon products, (3) simplicity of the procedure, and (4) low-energy consumption. For the SHS to be self-sustaining, the combustion process should be associated with high-temperature exothermic reaction with adiabatic temperature Tad ≥ 1800. Tad is a thermodynamic parameter that expresses the product temperature under adiabatic conditions as a result of the heat evolution from the reaction. Tad is calculated by the following equation: , where ni is the number of moles of the product (i), Cip expresses the specific heat capacity of the product (i), and denotes the reaction enthalpy. Actually, the adiabatic temperature is commonly higher than the combustion temperature because of the heat losses that occurred during the combustion process to the surroundings. Tad gives a good estimate to the reaction temperature, and it gives an indication whether or not combustion process can continue via the self-propagating regime [69–75]. Reactants utilized for the synthesis of sialons by the combustion process included Si, Al, SiO2, Si3N4, AlN, Y2O3, kaolin, Al dross, CaCO3, CaO, MgCO3, and SrCO3 [76–86].