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A review of greener aromatic/aliphatic separation using ionic liquids
Published in Alka Mahajan, B.A. Modi, Parul Patel, Technology Drivers: Engine for Growth, 2018
R.C. Gajjar, S.P. Parikh, P.D. Khirsariya
The hydrocarbon streams of light naphtha, heavy naphtha and pyrolysis gasoline in refineries are the important sources of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene, Xylene (BTEX). The separation of aromatics (BTEX) from their mixtures with aliphatic hydrocarbons is carried out by LLE on the basis of their structural differences as the boiling points of these hydrocarbons lie in close range making the separation difficult by distillation. The sulfolane process employed in the petrochemical industry uses the molecular solvent sulfolane for BTEX separation from aromatic rich streams by liquid–liquid extraction as it has the highest selectivity and distribution ratio compared to other volatile organic solvents. For selectively extracting aromatic components from the aromatic/aliphatic stream, the solvent should have higher selectivity, higher aromatic distribution ratio, lower viscosity, lower density, higher thermal and chemical stability and lower reactivity with its process environment along with being environmentally friendly.
Special Catalytic Reforming Topics
Published in Soni O. Oyekan, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process, 2018
Most of the benzene in gasoline comes from reformates with smaller contributions from light straight-run naphtha and FCC naphtha, as shown by the representative data in Table 8.6.(31) If pyrolysis gasoline is blended, it introduces a small amount of benzene, as its volume in gasoline is usually quite low. Alkylate, light hydrocracker naphtha, paraffin isomerate, and other gasoline blending components do not contribute any appreciable benzene to gasoline. There are, however, wide variations in component benzene concentrations relative to those listed in Table 8.6 due to differences in refinery configurations, type of crude oil slate processed, naphtha splitting, and naphtha processing assets. Additionally, the blendstock components used, reformer naphtha type, and catalytic reforming processes that oil refiners are using impact the relative contributions of benzene in gasoline benzene.(36)
Particle Characterization and Dynamics
Published in Wen-Ching Yang, Handbook of Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems, 2003
The MBR process reduces the benzene content of light reformate, FCC gasoline, or pyrolysis gasoline to below 1 vol% while boosting pool octane up to one point. The zeolite catalyst alkylates benzene with light olefins to form higher octane C8 to C10 aromatics. Single pass benzene conversion is 60 to 70%. However, overall benzene conversion can be increased to 90% by recycling a portion of the MBR reactor effluent. Once-through olefin conversion is greater than 90%.
Mercury health risk assessment among petrochemical workers in Rayong Province, Thailand
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Wantanee Phanprasit, Maytiya Muadchim, Jeongim Park, Mark Gregory Robson, Dusit Sujirarat, Suphaphat Kwonpongsagoon, Sara Arphorn
The studied plants consisted of one refinery and two aromatics plants. All were in Rayong Province, Thailand. The office buildings of each plant, where the office staff worked, were close to the main gates and far from the operation buildings and storage areas were enclosed within the same fence. The refinery plant had crude oil and condensate residue from aromatics plants as feedstock to produce liquid petroleum gas (LPG), fuel gas, light and heavy reformate, kerosene, gas and fuel oil, gasohol, etc. While the aromatics plants used condensate, reformate, and pyrolysis gasoline as major raw material to manufacture benzene, xylenes and hexane with byproducts such as naphtha, condensate residue heavy aromatics and LPG.