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Emergence of Nanovesicular Systems for Topical Delivery of Natural Bioactives
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Gajanand Sharma, Kanika Thakur, Akanksha Mahajan, Guneet Singh Randhawa, Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare
Fan et al. (2013) formulated tetrandrine-loaded ethosomes for the therapeutic management of edema, rheumatic disorders and inflammatory diseases. The ethosomal carriers generated significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy of tetrandrine on Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in comparison with liposomes (Fan et al., 2013). The ethosomal formulation of triptolide reported the greatest in vitro retention (83.7%) in 24 h and significantly reduced erythema in pharmacodynamic model compared with other formulations. Ethosomes may prove to be a promising carrier that would enable the beneficial properties of triptolide to be safely delivered in a topical formulation (Chen et al., 2010). Psoralen is a photosensitive molecule employed for the management of vitiligo and psoriasis. Application of psoralen-loaded ethosomes led to a 6.56-fold greater skin retention of psoralen compared with that of tincture (Zhang et al., 2014). Ethosomal-encapsulated CAP revealed greater reduction of paw edema along with antinociceptive activity. The antiarthritic efficacy of ethosomes was greater than the marketed gel of capsaicin. The ethosomal-encapsulated CAP could prove to be an effective and safe topical delivery system for the management of arthritis and associated inflammatory disorders (Sarwa et al., 2015).
Chapter 8 Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation: tissue absorption and safety issues
Published in B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford, D R Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The most common application of UV in treatment is psolaren ultraviolet A (PUVA). This has been used extensively since the 1970s for the treatment of psoriasis and some other skin disorders. It involves the combination of the photoactive drug psoralen, with long-wave ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) to produce a beneficial effect. Psoralen photochemotherapy has been used to treat many skin diseases, although its principal success has been in the management of psoriasis. The mechanism of the treatment is thought to be that psoralens bind to DNA in the presence of UV-A, resulting in a transient inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell division. 8-methoxypsolaren and UV-A are used to stop epithelial cell proliferation. There can be side effects and so the dose of UV-A has to be controlled. Patch testing is often carried out in order to establish what dose will cause erythema. This minimum erythema dose (MED) can be used to determine the dose used during PUVA therapy.
Borate Phosphor for Phototherapy Application
Published in S. K. Omanwar, R. P. Sonekar, N. S. Bajaj, Borate Phosphors, 2022
Psoralens are photosensitizing compounds found in five major plant families used in India and Egypt for thousands of years for vitiligo [25]. Bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen, 5-MOP), independently isolated from bergamot oil in 1834, was also recognized as a photosensitizer in 1916. Photochemotherapy is most widely under taken with 8-MOP, although 5-MOP or trimethyl psoralen (TMP), a synthetic compound, are occasionally preferred. Psoralens are usually administered orally, although topical application is occasionally preferred.
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
Methoxsalen (8-Methoxypsoralen) is a drug derived from plants. In psoralen-UVA (PUVA) therapy, this chemical is used in combination with ultraviolet light as a photosensitizing agent for the treatment of psoriasis and other skin lesions. Treatment requires activation of the psoralen with high-intensity long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA). Carcinogenic effects also require activation by UVA. Hence, mechanistic information need to pertain to the combination of the drug and exposure to UVA. Methoxsalen, in combination with UVA radiation, produces squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.