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Sustainable Polymers for Additive Manufacturing
Published in Antonio Paesano, Handbook of Sustainable Polymers for Additive Manufacturing, 2022
Furan is a compound derived from cellulose and hemicelluloses, and whose chemical structure contains a five-member ring. Furan resins derive from furfural and furfuryl alcohol which is produced from agricultural by-products such as bagasse, corn cobs, oat, and hulls rice. Furan compounds have been investigated for over a century (van Es et al. 2014).
UV Effects on Chemical Contaminants and Mycotoxins in Foods and Beverages
Published in Tatiana Koutchma, Ultraviolet Light in Food Technology, 2019
There is limited information about UV light effects on formation and reduction of undesired contaminants at different doses levels. For example, the presence of furan in processed foods is a concern because furan is listed as “reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogen” in the Department of Health and Human Services Report on Carcinogens (1) and is considered “possibly carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1995). In a recent survey, the U.S. FDA found that furan is present in many thermally processed foods purchased from supermarkets, with furan levels of ~100 ppb in some of the foods (FDA, 2004). Apple juice as a baby food contained furan levels ranging from 2.5 to 8.4 ppb (US FDA, 2004). In rats, furan has been shown to be carcinogenic at concentrations between 2 and 8 mg kg–1, prompting the International Agency for Research on Cancer to declare that it is “possibly carcinogenic to humans” (IARC, 1995). Furan is formed from carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, fatty acids, and a mixture of the three upon heating (Locas and Yaylayan, 2004; Fan, 2005). As reported, formation of furan in sugar-containing products, such as apple, orange, and mango juice, apple cider, fructose, and HFCS, can be caused by thermal treatment (Fan, 2005).
Tasty and toxic – a culinary risk dilemma
Published in Charlotte Fabiansson, Stefan Fabiansson, Food and the Risk Society, 2016
Charlotte Fabiansson, Stefan Fabiansson
Furan is a simple organic compound widely used in various industrial processes, including in the manufacturing of lacquers and resins, and for the production of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Furan can be found in the environment as a constituent of cigarette smoke, wood smoke, and exhaust gas from diesel and petrol engines (International Agency for Research on Cancer 1995).
Myrtus communis extract: a bio-controller for microbial corrosion induced by sulphate reducing bacteria
Published in Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2021
Farideh Mohammad Hossein Zadeh, Moj Khaleghi, Sajjad Bordbar, Abdolhamid Jafari
According to the chromatogram plot obtained from the GC/MS analysis, six main organic compounds were identified in the extract (Figure 3(a)). As recorded in Table 1, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl) is the most abundant chemical compound in the extract, which was derived from furaldehyde with the furan base (Figure 3(b)). Furan is a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen. The unique structure of the extract makes it able to react with aldehydes and other aromatic compounds [58]. It is noteworthy that derivatives of this compound have previously been isolated from some plants [58–63]. These include 2-furaldehyde diethyl acetal from coconut water [58], three types of furan-2-carbaldehyde compounds and 5-(hydroxymethyl)−2-furaldehyde from Gastrodia elata [59] and 5-(hydroxymethyl)−2-furancarbox-aldehyde from Hippophae rhamnoides [60]. The most critical role of furan derivatives in some plants is the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity [58,63–65]. For example, 2-furaldehyde diethyl acetal isolated from coconut water could inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor in gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum [58].
Preparation of carbonaceous solid acid catalyst from Acacia mangium wood sawdust for conversion of same source into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Nguyen Trung Thanh, Nguyen Hoang Long, Le Quang Dien, Giang Thi Phuong Ly, Phan Huy Hoang, Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong, Nguyen Thị Hue
In the last decade, an increasing interest for the production of furan derivatives from biomass resources has been observed due to its great potential as feedstock for chemicals and fuels. HMF can be synthesized by dehydration of all types of C6 carbohydrates, including monomeric and polymeric carbohydrates, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, starch, inulin, cellulose, and raw biomass (Teong, Yi, and Zhang 2014). With the depletion of fossil-based resources, the development of new technologies to utilize versatile and renewable biomasses as alternative feedstock for platform chemicals has spurred more researches than ever (Menegazzo, Ghedini, and Signoretto 2018).
Effects of different main injection timings and injection pressures on combustion and emissions of diesel-THF-ethanol blended fuel
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2022
Yangyi Wu, Tianyun Sun, Zunqing Zheng, Zhao Zhang, Chao Jin, Haifeng Liu, Mingfa Yao
Tetrahydrofuran, with the chemical formula (CH2)4O, is a colorless, liquid organic component, which is miscible with water and has a low viscosity at normal temperature and pressure. Furan fuels such as 2,5-dimethylfuran and tetrahydrofuran are considered as promising bio-alternative fuels, especially with the improvement of production methods in recent years as well as the wide availability of raw materials for production (Giri et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2014). Meanwhile, tetrahydrofuran has gradually become a research hotspot as an oxygen-containing alternative fuel (Aydoğan 2020; Giri et al. 2017). Compared with ethanol which has been widely studied and applied as an oxygenated fuel, tetrahydrofuran has similar fuel characteristics such as containing oxygen atoms in molecular structure. The lower cetane number will lead to the extended ignition delay period. Premixed combustion ratio increases compared with pure diesel (Rakopoulos et al. 2008). The following properties of both tetrahydrofuran and ethanol are conducive to improve the thermal efficiency and reduce emissions. The higher oxygen content in the fuel will make the combustion in the cylinder more complete, which results in the reduction of soot and HC emissions under certain operating conditions (Liu et al. 2019a; Rakopoulos et al. 2008). The higher latent heat of vaporization will reduce the in-cylinder temperature, which can reduce NOx emissions usually under low load (Rakopoulos et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2020). The relatively lower viscosity and better volatility can enhance the atomization of blended fuel and improve the mixing of fuel and air. Thus, tetrahydrofuran can not only be used as a co-solvent, but also has the potential to be applied as an alternative fuel. Furthermore, tetrahydrofuran is completely miscible with diesel, and thus there is no need to consider the problems of miscibility and fuel stratification in research and practical applications, which is the main advantage of tetrahydrofuran as compared with ethanol.