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Miscellaneous Water Treatment Methods I
Published in Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John, Environmental Engineering, 2022
Subhash Verma, Varinder S. Kanwar, Siby John
Potassium permanganate is a dark purple crystal or powder available commercially at 97.99% purity. Theoretically, the dosages of potassium permanganate required to oxidize each 1 mg/L of iron and manganese, respectively, are 0.95 and 1.92 mg/L. In actual practice, the amount needed is often less than this. When chlorine is used, for each mg/L of iron it takes approximately 0.6 mg/L of KMnO4 and 0.64 mg/L of chlorine. Effective filtration following chemical oxidation is essential. Experience has shown that filtration can effectively remove iron and manganese as long as they are both under 1.0 mg/L.
Chemistry in Wastewater Treatment
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Sonali Sengupta, Chandan Kumar Pal
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a very strong oxidant with considerable solubility in water; it stands as a potential reagent of choice in the chemical oxidation processes in the treatment of wastewater. Below are the various chemical reactions that depend on the pH of the medium: MnO4−+4H++3e−→MnO2s+2H2O
Treatment Technologies
Published in Thomas K.G. Mohr, William H. DiGuiseppi, Janet K. Anderson, James W. Hatton, Jeremy Bishop, Barrie Selcoe, William B. Kappleman, Environmental Investigation and Remediation, 2020
William H. DiGuiseppi, James W. Hatton
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a common oxidizer used in water treatment. A survey of surface-water treatment systems serving more than 10,000 people reveals that 36.8% of the treatment systems use potassium permanganate for the removal of organic compounds (Waldemer and Tratnyek, 2004). Although ISCO with potassium permanganate is an accepted and widely used remedial method for chlorinated VOCs, it has been generally thought that the oxidation potential (1.7 V) of potassium permanganate is too low to have an impact on 1,4-dioxane. However, Waldemer and Tratnyek (2006) determined the kinetics of permanganate oxidation for a number of environmental contaminants and found that the secondary rate constant for permanganate oxidation of 1,4-dioxane was four orders of magnitude lower than that found for TCE or perchloroethylene. Although at a very slow rate, oxidation of 1,4-dioxane was nonetheless observed. Given the very rapid destruction of chlorinated VOCs (on the order of minutes), an oxidation rate for 1,4-dioxane four orders of magnitude slower would be on the order of months, which may be suitable for some applications.
Ground solid permanganate oxidative coupling of thiols into symmetrical/unsymmetrical disulfides: selective and improved process
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2022
Ngan-Giang Thi Nguyen, Xuan-Triet Nguyen, Ngoc-Huy Nguyen, Thi Xuan Thi Luu, Xuan-Tien Dao
Potassium permanganate is an inexpensive and commercially available reagent, widely used for the oxidation of organic compounds, and a green oxidative reagent owing to manganese dioxide, a co-product formed from the reduction of permanganate, able to be recycled and used for organic syntheses [61,62]. Potassium permanganate supported by solid supports such as copper sulfate pentahydrate [44,45], manganese dioxide [46], montmorillonite [47], alumina [48], ion exchange resin (IER) [49], or by 2,4-ionene [50] has oxidized thiols into the corresponding disulfides in high yields under solvent-free conditions. Despite the easy separation of the generated manganese dioxide and diverse oxidative capability of potassium permanganate, new oxidation conditions of thiols by ground potassium permanganate in solvent-free conditions have not been examined extensively [46,50].
KMnO4/guanidinium-based sulfonic acid: as an efficient Brønsted acid organocatalyst for the selective oxidation of organic compounds
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2018
Ahmad Shaabani, Azadeh Tavousi Tabatabaei, Fatemeh Hajishaabanha, Shabnam Shaabani, Mozhdeh Seyyedhamzeh, Mina Keramati nejad
Oxidation reactions are among the most important and widely used reactions for the synthesis of complex organic compounds. The selective oxidation of organic substrates is one of the most challenging reactions on both the laboratory and industry scale. As a consequence, a large number of oxidants have been developed by researchers for specific purposes. Among them, permanganate, as a green, versatile and commercially available reagent, is widely used for the oxidation of organic compounds. The use of permanganate as an effective and well-known oxidant in organic chemistry has a long and extensive history. Industrial applications that consume thousands of tons of potassium permanganate annually are now being carried out without adverse environmental effect. The use of recycling technology has made these processes environmentally friendly and sustainable because manganese dioxide, as a co-product, is produced by the reduction of permanganate, can be easily recycled [1–4].