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Effect of Structure of Diphenol on Polymerization of Bis(isoimide)
Published in Didier Rouxel, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sajith T. Abdulrahman, Advanced Polymeric Materials, 2022
V. Sarannya, R. Surender, S. Shamim Rishwana, R. Mahalakshmy, C. T. Vijayakumar
Polyester resins are widely used in construction and marine applications. Unsaturated polyester resins, which are used as the matrix component of glass fiber composites, can be obtained by copolymerization of both saturated acids (phthalic anhydride) and unsaturated acids (maleic anhydride) with a diol such as propylene glycol or diethylene glycol. The low-molecular-weight product is soluble in styrene, which can then polymerize in the presence of peroxides at the double-bond sites of the prepolymer [2]. The major applications of glass reinforced polyester resins fall in the following categories: boat hulls, transportation including passenger car parts and bodies and truck cabs, and consumer products, including such diverse items as luggage, chairs, trays, pipes, and ducts.
Organic matrices
Published in A.R. Bunsell, S. Joannès, A. Thionnet, Fundamentals of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials, 2021
R. Bunsell, S. Joannes, A. Thionnet
The most widely used polyester resins, accounting for around 80% of the market, are described as orthophthalic (ortho) resins for which orthophathalic acid is used as the saturated acid part of the backbone of the polymer. They are the cheapest form of polyester resin and are used in contact moulding, typically of large structures. A slightly more expensive resin is isophthalic (iso) polyester for which isophthalic acid is used as the saturated acid part of the molecule. Iso polyester resins are used in closed moulding processes, corrosion resistant composites and gel coats. Table 3.2 shows the ingredients which can be used to make the unsaturated polyester resin backbone.
Reinforced composite materials
Published in Andrew Livesey, Motorcycle Engineering, 2021
Polyester resins are formulated by the reaction of organic acids and alcohols, which produces a class of material called esters. When the acids are polybasic and the alcohols are polyhydric, they can react to form a very complex ester which is generally known as polyester. These are usually called alkyds and have long been important in surface coating formulations because of their toughness, chemical resistance, and endurance. If the acid or alcohol used contains an unsaturated carbon bond, the polyester formed can react further with other unsaturated materials such as styrene or diallyl phthalate. The result of this reaction is to interconnect the different polyester units to form the three-dimensional cross-linked structure that is characteristic of thermosetting resins. The available polyesters are solutions of these alkyds in the cross-linking monomers. The curing of the resin is the reaction of the monomer and the alkyd to form the cross-linked structure. An unsaturated polyester resin is one that is capable of being cured from a liquid to a solid state when subjected to the right conditions. It is usually referred to as polyester.
Durability analysis on properties of water soaked PNNCs and CS-ANN model for wear property analysis of PNNCs
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Shilpa Suresh, Manjunath Shettar, M C Gowrishankar, Sathyashankara Sharma
Polyester resins make excellent candidates for creating nanocomposites due to the flexibility of their synthesis, which enables the creation of polyesters with exceptional chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties (Bhat et al., 2019). Polyester resin reinforced with fibers or micro-sized and nano-sized particles is broadly used in many industries involving water sports and the construction of pleasure boats and windsurfers. Due to its superior performance and versatile use, a revolution in the shipping sector is centered on polyester. Polyester resins are widely used in the automobile sector due to their design flexibility, lightweight, low costs, and excellent mechanical strength. Additionally, this material is used in the construction industry, specifically in producing bathroom vanities, pipes, tunnels, and drums (Saharudin et al., 2016; Shettar et al., 2020).
Study of epoxy shielding material with barium sulphate for development of radiation protection materials in low-dose diagnostic X-ray
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2021
Nuttapong Danthanavat, Manus Mongkolsuk, Gunjanaporn Tochaikul, Soontaree Sriwongta, Atitaya Piyajaroenporn, Cholakorn Lithreungnam, Nutthapong Moonkum
To date, there has been little information on the radiation stability of barium sulphate mixed with other materials such as polyester resins. Polyester resins are synthetic resins formed by the reaction of dibasic organic acids and polyhydric alcohols. Maleic Anhydride is a commonly used raw material with diacid functionality in unsaturated polyester resins. Unsaturated polyester resins are used in sheet moulding compounds, bulk moulding compounds and the toners of laser printers. Epoxy-ester coatings are thermosetting resins produced from the reaction between the epoxy group of epoxy resin and carboxylic group of fatty acids at elevated temperatures (12). Epoxy-esters have a variety of applications in solvent and water-based systems as coating materials, adhesives, laminated boards, printing inks, molding resins and electro-insulating varnishes (13). Moreover, the previous study investigated the anticorrosion and mechanical behavior of epoxy-alkyd/polyaniline emeraldine salt coating composite, smart corrosion protection was observed for this composite (14).
Mechanical properties of Carbon-matrix composites for a blade runner’s artificial leg
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Rifky Ismail, Dewi Paras Utami, Mochamad Arid Irfai, J. Jamari, A.P. Bayuseno
Additionally, the quite high difference in tensile strength in the RE and RP composites (147.27 MPa) could be noticed, suggesting that the use of resin, polyester for the matrix yielded composite with significantly improved tensile strength. Although polyester resin has a good bonding agent, it may not bind better than epoxy resin. It is very common for polyester used in laminating resin of fiberglass or in a mold. In contrast to epoxy resin, polyester resin requires a catalyst (not hardener) for curing, thereby having a low shelf life because it can harden itself during storage. Moreover, the polyester resin can be set much faster than epoxy resin, but epoxy resins are more durable, more waterproof, better bonding agents, and longer life. Thus, this composite is suitable for blade runner’s artificial leg. Accordingly, the epoxy resin is recommended to use as a matrix for the FRP composite of the artificial leg because of the better characteristic compared to polyester resin.