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Natural Products Affecting Biofilm Formation
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade Pinheiro, Maria Audilene Freitas, Bárbara de Azevedo Ramos, Luciene Ferreira de Lima, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
Vanillin, a secondary metabolite extracted from Aeromonas hydrophila, is a promising QS inhibitory compound as it acts against different acyl chains present in mixed wild-type biofilms in the environment (Ponnusamy et al. 2009). Similar to vanillin, phytol, an acyclic monounsaturated diterpene alcohol, is also a compound used in the food industry, and demonstrably indicates a potential chemical with an anti-QS activity against P. aeruginosa infections (Pejin et al. 2015). Equisetin, a secondary metabolite isolated from marine fungi, demonstrated that it could attenuate the virulence phenotypes that regulate QS in the P. aeruginosa POA1 model that expresses a quorum system, with the possibility of optimizing its molecular structure for its anti-QS activity in the future (Zhang et al. 2018).
Banana Inflorescence and to Find the Interactions on Molecular Docking for PCOS
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
M. C. Kamaraj, Suman Thamburaj, R. Akshaya, V. Bhanu Deepthi
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Figure 9.2) and ligands (isolated compounds of banana inflorescence, Clomifene, and Tranexamic acid) (Tables 9.5 and 9.6) were subjected to docking studies using online AutoDock software. The software ran ten docking programs that are shown in Table 9.7. The 3D structure of the PCOS protein (PDB ID: 3RUK) was optimized to achieve minimal potential energy using the molecular docking server. The minimization values are summarized. The docking simulation of ten runs of plant compound vitamin E, gallocatechin, epicatechin, β-tocopherol, estragole, and phytol was performed for a set of catalytic active sites of the PCOS protein. The best docked conformation was selected based on the lowest docking energy and binding free energy. Other features present in the compound in this study, such as binding energy, interaction score and hydrogen bonding with residues, drug-like behavior of the compound, and binding capacity contribute to the docking score.
EEMS2015 organizing committee
Published in Yeping Wang, Jianhua Zhao, Advances in Energy, Environment and Materials Science, 2018
Pristane (2,6,10,14—tetramethyl pentadecane) and phytane (2,6,10,14—tetramethyl hexadecane) come from some special organisms. As a pioneer of pristine and phytane, chlorophyllous phytol widely exists in the nature—it derives from phy- tol side chain, it is relatively stable, its resistance to microbial attack is stronger than n-alkanes, so Pr/Ph ratio is widely used as a palaeoenvi- ronment index. Phytol is reduced under reduc- ing conditions, and converted to phytane after hydrogenation and dehydration. Under oxidizing conditions, phytol is oxidized, decarboxylated and converted to pristine (Volkman et al, 1986). Regarding Pr/Ph ratio at all sections of P7327, it is 3.017 at the top (12 cm), much larger than 1. It means that overlying deposits are in strongly oxidizing sedimentary environment; alkane molecular structure changes a lot, showing that organic matters in sediment core have evolved. As the depth increases, Pr/Ph ratio tends to reduce. In early sections (120121 cm, 182184 cm), Pr/Ph ratio reduces. It means that sediment core is under reducing conditions; phytane has appeared before pristine. As the depth increases, long-chain hydrocarbon converts to short-chain hydrocarbon. At 182184 cm sections, with the input of bacterial hydrocarbon, increase of bur- ied depth and enhancement of bacterial degra- dation, abundance of molecules with low carbon number tends to rise significantly.
Modelling, extraction optimisation and phytochemical profile of essential oil from Moroccan endemic medicinal plant Ballota hirsuta
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2023
Omar Ou-Ani, L. Oucheikh, Axel Dabbous, Mohamed Znini, Jean Costa, Lhou Majidi
Fraternale and Ricci reported that β-caryophyllene (22.6% and 21.8%), caryophyllene oxide (18.0% and 20.5%) and germacrene D (16.5 and 13.1%) were identified as the main components of the aerial parts EO of B. nigra ssp. foetida grown in northern Marche (central Italy) and harvested at the time of flowering and fruiting respectively [43]. According to Vukovic et al., the major compounds of the EOs of the leaves and stems of B. nigra from Serbia were β-caryophyllene (39.14 vs 35.36%), germacrene D (35, 72% vs 27.36%) and α-humulene (10.37% vs 7.44%), respectively [44]. In addition, diterpene (E)-phytol was found at a relatively high concentration in leaf EO with 3.84%. Recently, Ain Sebaa et al., reported that the aerial parts EO of B. nigra harvested in Tlemcen (Algeria) was characterised by β-bisabolene (22.9%), caryophyllene oxide (12.5%), germacrene-D (8.5%) and β-caryophyllene (7.9%) as the main components [45].
Potential effect of Turbinaria decurrens acetone extract on the biochemical and histological parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Omnia Hamdy Abdel-Karim, Atef Mohamed Abo-Shady, Gehan Ahmed Ismail, Saly Farouk Gheda
As mentioned above, diabetes and the complications related to it can be induced by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) or the oxidizing agents which cause various complications including lipid peroxidation, DNA mutation, and protein oxidation. T. decurrens AE was confirmed to compose several bioactive components with antioxidant properties, such as the cyclic, unsaturated cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl, and the cyclic diterpene 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (known as phytol alcohol) and other valuable secondary metabolites, such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroid, and glycosides (Ismail et al. 2020). These compounds can act synergistically to inhibit the production or scavenging such ROS causing a reduction in the elevated blood glucose levels. This will, consequently, compete for the complications in the levels of the biochemical factors and the histological damage triggered by diabetes.
Biomarker characteristics and geological significance of middle and upper Permian source rocks in the southeastern Junggar Basin
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2019
Yongqiang Qu, Huifei Tao, Dongzheng Ma, Tao Wu, Junli Qiu
The phytolside chain of chlorophyl produced by photosynthesis of plants or photoautotrophic bacteria become isoprenoid alkanes through diagenesis, and then was dehydrated into phytene in a reducing environment, which is at last hydrogenated to form Ph (phytane). In the case of an oxidizing environment, phytol is oxidized and changed into phytanic acid, and then the hydroxyl is removed to generate Pr (pristane) (Bendoraitis, Brown, and Hepner 1962; Powell and Mckirdy 1973). Therefore, the distribution of Pr and Ph can characterize the sedimentary environment. Generally speaking, Pr/Ph < 0.5 indicates a strong reduction environment; Pr/Ph = 0.5 ∼ 1.0 indicates a reduction environment; Pr/Ph = 1.0 ∼ 2.0 indicates a weak reduction-weak oxidation environment; Pr/Ph > 2.0 indicates a parital-oxidation environment (Haven et al. 1987). Moreover, Pr/Ph is dependent on the thermal evolution degree of rocks. In the early stage of thermal evolution, a position correlation is found between Pr/Ph and maturity degrees. As for rocks in the mature stage (Ro = 0.7 ∼ 11.%), Pr/Ph has a relatively constant value (Boudou, Durand, and Oudin 1984; Wang and Xia 1995; Koopmans et al. 1996). In the case of higher degrees of thermal evolution, it continues to grow. In addition, it is important to point out that archaebacteria and Vitamin E are another important source of Ph and Pr, (Fleck et al. 2002).