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Flavor Development during Cocoa Roasting
Published in Hii Ching Lik, Borém Flávio Meira, Drying and Roasting of Cocoa and Coffee, 2019
The main biogenic amines found in cocoa and chocolate are 2-phenylethylamine, tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin, dopamine and histamine. 2-Phenylethylamine is an endogenous trace amine that occurs naturally in the brain of many mammalian species including humans. Tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine have been considered as the initiators of hypertension and dietary-induced migraines. Serotonin is an essential neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor and plays an important role in the regulation of anger, appetite, body temperature, blood pressure, mood, sexuality and sleep. Dopamine is an endogenous catecholamine that determines many physiological functions, including behavior, nerve conduction, hormone synthesis and secretion, blood pressure and kidney function regulation.
A novel and non-toxic dopamine detection method based on self-polymerisation of dopamine
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2020
Xinghui Gong, Tong Wang, Zhendong Zhang, Xiao Wei
Dopamine (DA), an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine family, is an important neurotransmitter in the brain of animals [5]. And it can regulate many biological processes in the biological central nervous system, such as perception, emotion, and neuroendocrine secretion, while also delivering messages of excitement and happiness [6–9]. In recent years, some studies have been found that the concentration of dopamine (such as plasma, urine, etc.) is related to the health of individuals in biological fluids. And the concentration of dopamine can be used as an indicator of multifarious diseases in organisms, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases [10–12]. Therefore, the accurate detection of dopamine concentrations is particularly important for the disease discrimination in biological fluids. Nowadays, there are many complicated methods for the detection of dopamine, including electrochemical analysis, capillary electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent probes (e.g. organic dyes and quantum dots) [13–17]. However, these methods often involve a number of complex processes, high cost and tedious sample pre-treatment, or are susceptible to interference [18–19]. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a novel method with low cost, good selectivity and simple steps for the detection of dopamine.