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Medicinal Plants in Natural Health Care as Phytopharmaceuticals
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
It is a customary plant with potential medicinal uses which is abundantly found in India. Aphanamixis polystachya bark is a strong astringent, antimicrobial, used for the treatment of liver and spleen diseases, rheumatism and tumors. Fruits are globular, smooth and yellow when ripe, with seeds scarlet. The seed has rich oil content which is non-edible but a future source for biodiesel. The plant is the large handsome evergreen tree, with a dense spreading crown and a straight cylindrical bole up to 15 m in height and 1.5−1.8 m in width. The chemical constituents present in seeds are palmitic acid and oleic as dominant fatty acids besides linoleic and linolenic acids. It possesses desmosterol, campesterol, α-tocopherol, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, α-terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate, terpinene-4-ol, borneol, nerol, nerolidon, nerolidol, geraniol, geranyl acetate, linalool and linalyl acetate. Its seeds are aromatic, acrid, sweet, cooling, stimulant, carminative, digestive, stomachic, diuretic, cardiotonic, abortifacient, alexeteric, expecto-rant and tonic. It is useful in treatment of asthama, bronchitis, haemorrhoids, strangury, renal and vesical calculi, halitosis, cardiac disorders, anorexia, dyspepsia, gastropathy, hyperdispsia, burning sensation, debility and vitiated conditions of vata (Shadid Hossain and Ali, 2016).
Toxicity of Terpenoids in Human Health
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Ritobrata Goswami, Dijendra Nath Roy
Monoterpenoids: These terpenoids are the simplest member of the terpenoid family. They have the chemical formula of C10H14O. Such terpenoids have been used to develop insecticides and, therefore, they have the potential of acting as toxins (Mihaliak et al. 1991). Monoterpenes secreted by ants act as repellents to other ant species (Scheffrahn et al. 1983). Two decades back, one study evaluated the toxicity of six monoterpenoids including citral, citronellal, eugenol, geraniol, limonene and nerol to C. formosanus, the Formosan subterranean termite (Tholl 2015). Eugenol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, acted as the most effective termiticide (Tholl 2015). Monoterpenoids have been shown to be effective against permethrin-resistant human head lice (Toloza et al. 2008). ‘Pure oxygenated monoterpenoids have also been evaluated for their toxic effects against such lice’. It has been observed that citronellol and geraniol from Geranium sp. oil have demonstrated the most effective toxicity against such lice (Gonzalez-Audino et al. 2011).
The Chemical Composition Of Essential Oils From Wildgrowing And Introduced Plants Of The Astrakhan Region
Published in Alexander V. Kutchin, Lyudmila N. Shishkina, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Gennady E. Zaikov, Ilya N. Kurochkin, Alexander N. Goloshchapov, Chemistry and Technology of Plant Substances, 2017
Anatoly V. Velikorodov, Vyacheslav B. Kovalev, Svyatoslav B. Nosachev, Alexey G. Tyrkov, Maria V. Pitelina, Ekaterina V. Shchepetova
European lycopus and lycopus high are the plants with similar pleasant aromatic smells that become stronger when grinding both fresh and dried- up raw materials. The smells are kept during a storage time (2 years) that provides the evidence for the content of essential oil in different parts of these plants. According to the present data, the yield of essential oil from raw materials of European lycopus that grows in the conditions of Uzbekistan made 0.2%. In essential oil, limonene, terpinene, linalool acetate, linalool, bornyl acetate, geranyl acetate, nerol, geraniol, p-cymene, Y-terpinene, a-pinene, camphene, terpinolene, etc were identified. The study of European lycopus that grows in the northern part of Serbia [8] showed that the yield of essential oil is 0.5%. Moreover, in the composition of the oil, the following components were identified: copaene, geranyl acetate, selinene, cadiene, ledol, hexadienol, borneol, terpineol, decanal, geraniol, furfural, hexanol, benzaldehyde, nonadienal, isocitral, lavandulol, nonalol, etc. While further studying the sample of European lycopus from the northern part of Serbia, antimicrobial activity of essential oil components against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was found. The data concerning the composition of essential oil from lycopus high are not submitted in the scientific literature, the pharmacological activity of essential oil from this plant is not studied.
Genotoxicity induced by nerol, an essential oil present in citric plants using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and HepG2/C3A cells as a model
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2021
Brian Ogushi Silva, Juliana Botinhon Orlando, Camila Lehnhardt Pires, Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima, Isabel de Mascarenhas Gaivão, Fábio Ferreira Perazzo, Edson Luis Maistro
Nerol is a monoterpene found in many essential oils including lemongrass, hops, rose and lavender. Nerol was originally isolated from neroli oil, hence its name (Kumar et al. 2013; Msaada et al. 2012). Nerol is a cis-isomer of geraniol, where the double bond is trans. This colorless liquid is used in perfumery. Similar to geraniol, nerol has a sweet rose odor but is considered to be fresher (Fahlbusch et al. 2002).