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Nanodiamonds and Other Organic Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Modifications
Published in Vineet Kumar, Praveen Guleria, Nandita Dasgupta, Shivendu Ranjan, Functionalized Nanomaterials I, 2020
Navneet Kaur, Chander Prakash, Aman Bhalla, Ganga Ram Chaudhary
There is a wide scope in the functionalization of nanodiamonds with various molecules such as drugs, DNA, proteins, polymers, etc. These assist in the application of nanodiamonds in the fields of medicine, drug delivery, biosensing, and bioimaging. Additionally, it is possible to dope the intrinsic structure of nanodiamonds for the purpose of modifying optical and electrical properties. The doping procedure involves the incorporation of an atom (other than carbon) in the nanodiamond lattice. Numerous reports indicate nitrogen (N) as being the mostly inserted atom in nanodiamond lattice. The N incorporation in nanodiamond films improves their electrical behavior, imparting semiconductor characteristics to them. The insertion of N atoms into the lattice takes place during the growth of films in chemical vapor deposition conditions with N2 gas in the fed gaseous mixtures (Rabeau et al., 2007).
The Properties and Applications of Nanodiamonds
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Vadym Mochalin, Olga Shenderova, Dean Ho, Yury Gogotsi
The superior mechanical and thermal properties of diamond, combined with the rich surface chemistry of nanoscale diamond particles, make nanodiamond an excellent filler material for composites. Moreover, the biocompatibility and chemical stability of the diamond core make these composites very well suited for biomedical applications. Substantial improvements have been reported in the mechanical strength [10, 11, 14, 120–122], wear resistance [123], adhesion [124], electromagnetic shielding [110] and thermal conductivity [111, 120] of polymers on the addition of nanodiamond. However, degradation in properties occurs when non-purified or aggregated nanodiamonds are used, emphasizing the need to use a well-dispersed and properly functionalized material.
Medication: Nanoparticles for Imaging and Drug Delivery
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Nanodiamonds have been investigated as a promising nanomaterial for drug delivery, owing to their exceptional biocompatibility and unique surface properties. Insoluble drugs for cancer therapy have been formulated as water-dispersed complexes with nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds have also found use for localized drug-release coatings in wound healing and surgical implants [129].
Diamond and carbon nanostructures for biomedical applications
Published in Functional Diamond, 2022
Yuxiang Xue, Xue Feng, Samuel C. Roberts, Xianfeng Chen
Natural diamonds are generally formed in subcontinental lithospheric mantle or even deeper where element carbon is deposited by oxidation-reduction reactions and recrystallised to diamond at extreme temperatures and pressures [15]. Through crustal movements over long time, diamond is brought to the surface by volcanic activity. However, natural diamond is scarce and expensive and cannot meet the demand of practical applications. The history of synthetic nanodiamond can be traced to 1950s [16]. In early researches, nanodiamonds were synthesised from controlled detonation by using carbon-containing explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) [17]. Since then, artificial nanodiamond has made a rapid development and progress. Figure 1 shows the images of nanodiamonds synthesised from carbon films after laser pulse [18]. Today, one could easily synthesis nanodiamond with different dimensions and shapes through detonation technique, high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) synthesis, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and laser ablation (Table 1) [27–29].
Nanotechnology in textile and apparel research – an overview of technologies and processes
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Nanodiamonds are diamond nanoparticles synthetized commercially by detonation, laser ablation, or high-energy ball-milling (Mochalin, Shenderova, Ho, & Gogotsi, 2012). Nanodiamonds have garnered much research interest due to the combination of exceptional mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties with high chemical reactivity at the nanoscale (Bradac & Osswald, 2018). Ample research is reported on the potential of nanodiamonds in biomedical applications and in polymer nanocomposites (Mochalin et al., 2012; Mochalin & Gogotsi, 2015; Paget et al., 2014). On the other hand, the literature relevant to textile structures is relatively limited.
Research progress on electrochemical property and surface modifications of nanodiamond powders
Published in Functional Diamond, 2023
Liang Dong, Guohao Zhu, Jianbing Zang, Yanhui Wang
Nanodiamond has not only excellent properties and wide applications as an electrode material, but also becomes an ideal support and template due to its unique structure, stability and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, surface modification of nanometallic compounds on ND is expected to obtain better practical performance in many functional fields. Among them, transition metal compounds have attracted much attention because of their structure and performance characteristics, which have promoted the development of sound, optical, electrical, magnetic and other industries.